Introduction - Achievable Green Policy: UK Vehicle Shift
In the UK, there is a need to protect the environment of the country for better life quality and sustainable development. UK’s government has created a ten point plan for protecting the surrounding of the country. The policy aim at reducing the carbon emission, increase the use of recycle and the reuse techniques which will help in mitigating waste. This essay includes the ten point plan made by the UK government to reduce the level of pollution to zero %. They also aim at complete restriction on the use of plastic by 2042 which will help in achieving their long term goals at the end of 2050. Further, essay will also describe the points which are most likely to be achieved by the country and the least achievable point among all. The Government has implemented various policies from last three years which will be described in the essay. It also includes various data which will be analyzed as well as evaluated for selecting the most and the least achievable point among all. It will also shed light on the various technological, social, political and economical aspects which are impacting the completion of goals.
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Main Body
The Ten point plan has been introduced by the UK government for supporting the green industrial revolution. There is a huge impact on the environment due to the usage of the energy system in UK. It has been identified from the research that electricity produced form the renewable sources do not create the environmental impact. The emission which has been released from the fuel vehicles has direct and negative impact on the environment. There is an increase in the amount of air pollution in the country and in the number of respiratory disease within the country as well (Carmichael et al, 2021). For decreasing the impact on the surrounding and protecting the environment green industrial revolution was promoted. This aims at using various renewable sources such as wind, solar and bio waste through which the electricity could be generated.
UK government had formed the 10 point plan for the country which aims at sustainable development in the country. This policy was made to ensure the reduction in the pollution level country and creating the scope for the green job which will help the country in long run. According to Chen et al, (2020) the policy will have positive impact on the working of the organizations as they will evaluate there operation on the basis of the policy. This will help in deciding whether the particular step should be taken or not. This will help in improving the health status of the population and will eventually lead to enhancing the efficiency of their working. Dixon Bell and Brush, (2022) described that the goals set by the government are not achievable within the given time period. For accomplish all the point the country should involve the latest technology and ban all the techniques which are creating pollution. This will increase the expense of the population to implement new technique when the existing technology can carry out the operation. The population will not completely follow all the policy which will make the goals unattainable.
After evaluating various aspects and the data available it has been identified that the accelerating the shift to zero emission vehicle is the most attainable and achievable goals among the all. In UK, companies have also focused on the introduction of the techniques in the vehicles and cars which are having the quality of the zero emission. The country is planning to launch the policy for the zero emission which will make it compulsory for the entire population to exchange or replace their existing vehicle with new and updated vehicles. This will help in reducing pollution in the country and making it more achievable. From the statistics, it has been identified that the market share of the zero emission vehicle in the UK has been increased to 16.6% in the current year (Gössling, Meyer-Habighorst and Humpe, 2021). Sales of the electric vehicles have been improved by 40% which leads to 2, 67,203 new vehicles. This is positive sign that people are moving towards the zero emission vehicles and their preference have been changed towards the technology.
Social and the economy factors of the country play an important role in achieving the set goals. The country is investing high amount on research and development which helps in identifying the measures by which the carbon emission could be reduced. This investment will result into increase in the expenditure by the country which can increase the inflation in the country. In long run, economy of the country will be beneficial form the government expenditure as this will help in creating multiplier effect in the economy (Vella, 2021). As the EV industry grows, it creates more employment opportunities in the country which will help in strengthening the economy of UK. Preference of the consumer will impact the purchase of the EV in UK as young generation is attracting toward this. The most common problem because of which population in UK less attracted toward EV are unavailability of the charging point (Increase in sales of electric vehicles, 2023). The government has taken steps to resolve the issue which help in increase the sales of UK
From the critical point of view, it has been identified that the goals of zero emission in the country could be easily attainable. There are various policies which have formed by the government helps in attaining the goals. The government has introduceed the 2035 delivery van and transport decarbonistion plan which aim at eliminating diesel & petrol van and cars at the end of 2035. Net zero strategy has been introduced by the government which emphasizes on making the ZEV mandate from 2030. This will include the sales of cars and vans by the manufactures should be zero emission (Griffin and Hammond, 2019). The crucial issue which was faced in the electric vehicles was the unavailability of the adequate charging point. The UK government has formed and implemented variety of policy to tackle the issue of unavailability of charging points in UK. Various policies such as Electric Vehicle home charge scheme and Workplace charging schemes has been formed to reduce the usage of fuel vehicles.
The Jäger-Waldau et al, (2020) described that the introduction of more EV vehicles need the availability of the charging points at certain distances. This is affecting the motivation of the general public toward EV as unavailability of the charging point will create the problem for the riders. This is the problem which needs to be solved by the government for increasing the sales of the electric vehicle in the country. Mohsin et al, (2019) have also described that there are various commitments made by the UK government which are gaining the confidence of the population and making the point most achievable. The government has claimed that there are investing £1.3 billion in developing the infrastructure for the charging motorways. The government had launched the Electric vehicle Infrastructure in year 2021 which aims at the distributing the charging capacity at all the sites and managing the scarcity of the charging. New infrastructure policy has been introduced by the UK which will help in easily availability of the charging points in the homes. These will promote the use of electric vehicles and increasing the purchase of the EV (Investment in the development of charging motorways in UK, 2023). The government in UK has also taken initiative to include the private sector for providing 6 charging point at very services site. From the above declaration it has been identified that goals of accelerating the shift towards zero emission vehicles could be easily attainable as government has prepared the appropriate plans to achieve them. Proper analysis and evaluation of the problem has been done and the appropriate policies have been formed to tackle the problem.
After evaluating the current situation jet Zero and the green ship is the least achievable goal among the all. The jet zero plan includes the reducing the carbon emission form UK aviation industry by zero level at the end of 2050. Jet zero plan aims at reducing the green house impact which indicates reducing the carbon dioxide by 100% at the end of 2050 (Wang, et. al, 2021). This plan also includes reducing the carbon emission in the water and protecting the environment. The government aims at introducing the ships which are more efficient and helps in decreasing the level of pollution within country. It has been indentified from the statistics that the level of carbon dioxide is raising over time. From the research it has been identified that UK stood on 101 places out of all the 131 countries which is the very dissatisfied situation for the country. The authors described that it is impossible for the country to reduce the pollution level to zero from 8.9 in the upcoming year. The country is using the shipping transportation for 5% among the total UK transportation. It has been identified form the data that the shipping is having high greenhouse impact in UK. Along with this, it has been assessed that ships are creating 1.4 % pollution in the country. The UK government needs to invest high amount on research and the development by which the efficient ships could be produced.
Government of UK has taken major decisions for reduction in the carbon emission form the aviation industry within last 3 years. Jet zero strategy had been launched by the Department of UK Transport which aims at introducing the sustainable aviation fuel in the country. The government has invested £113m for the development of hydrogen and battery electric flights (Government investment in jet zero strategy, 2023). Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure project has been launched by the government which include the investment of 4.2 m. The production of the SAF leads to generation of 10350 jobs in the country by 2030 which will increase to 60000 at the end of 2050. Support has been provided by the Logistics UK by making it mandatory to including 10% SAF in the jet by 2030. Zheng et al, (2019) presented that hydrogen should be used as a measure for achieving jet zero goals. SAF will still emit the CO2 which is harmful for the environment and increase the green house effect. By implementing the SAF and hydrogen effective method to the aviation industry goal could be achieved.
The clean Maritime plan has been initiated by the government for the green ship goals of UK. Under this government had introduced Green finance policy with the motive to collecting funds for carry out plan. Investment of £3.5 million has been done by the government for effective completion of the maritime plan. However, there are various challenges which the country needs to face for achieving the goals which are unrealistic in the current scenario. Availability of the hydrogen could be maintained by countries which help in efficient working of the aircraft at every place. Hydrogen is more expensive than kerosene which creates the challenge for country to reduce the cost. Approachability and cost of hydrogen are two vital factors which are impacting the Jet zero goal of UK (Ng, Farooq and Yang, 2021). For attaining the target of green ship, the country needs to research on the alternative fuel which will help in reducing in the emission. DFDS department of UK has been faced challenge of introducing new ship which is compliance with government regulation. Further, UK Government also placed emphasis on reduction in the Sulfur emits form ship which could improve the air quality. This will eventually increase global warming as sulfur help in cooling the climate, this create the challenge in the effective completion of the goals.
According to Rojas-Michaga et al, (2023) jet zero and green ship goals are having an impact on both technology and the economy of the country. The country need to invest huge amount for carrying out research and identifying the measures by which the innovative and efficient machinery could be produced. Increase in the country‘s expenditure is linked to increase in the tax rate which will impact the income of the population in the country. This will eventually reduce the purchasing power of the individuals and increases the level of inflation in the country. It has been estimated that this will help in creating 60000 jobs at the end of 2050 which will help in improving economy of the country. By introducing hydrogen effective technology the cost of the traveling will increase which will impact the budget of individual. Green ships have not been developed in any country of the world which requires huge investment by government to introducing innovative ships (Sun et al, 2020). Country is facing various challenges in bring new technology in the country as this will lead to increase in the expense of the country and impact the GDP of UK. It has been identified that it is very difficult to producing jet which could useful in long distance travelling. These are the reasons which are impacting the success of the jet zero and green ship in the UK. Government policies are not clearly defined and it is difficult to applicable policies which is hampering the success of the policy. This indicates that the jet zero goals are least attainable in UK at the end of 2050.
Conclusion
It has been concluded from the report that accelerating the shift to zero emission vehicles is the most achievable point in the ten point plan of UK. It has been identified that jet zero and green ship is the least achievable target among all others. It has been identified that usage of the electric vehicle has been increased by 17% in the last year which indicate that the preference of the population is changing. The government has introduced the UK’s car emission policy which aims at introducing the technique of zero emission in the new cars. The use of EV has been increased and to maintain the stability of EV in the market, government had taken steps to ensure easy availability of charging points. The economical and the social factors of the country have been impacted by the Zero emission vehicle as the cost of Electric vehicle are more expensive than regular vehicles.
Electric vehicle are able to gain the trust of young generation but others do not able to gain the full confidence in preferring this vehicles. It has been identified that the government of UK has already invested huge amount in the success of the jet zero goal. But the country is not yet able to find the solution of controlling cost of hydrogen effective aviation system. SAF has been introduced in UK but it not effective enough in controlling the CO2 emit of the planes. Technology and the economy of the country are impacted by the jet zero and green ship goal of the country. It has also identified that after so many initiations been taken by the government, it is still difficult for the country to successfully complete the jet zero goal by the end of 2050.
References
Books and Journals
Carmichael, R., Gross, R., Hanna, R., Rhodes, A. and Green, T., 2021. The Demand Response Technology Cluster: Accelerating UK residential consumer engagement with time-of-use tariffs, electric vehicles and smart meters via digital comparison tools. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 139, p.110701.
Chen, T., Zhang, X.P., Wang, J., Li, J., Wu, C., Hu, M. and Bian, H., 2020. A review on electric vehicle charging infrastructure development in the UK. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 8(2), pp.193-205.
Dixon, J., Bell, K. and Brush, S., 2022. Which way to net zero? a comparative analysis of seven UK 2050 decarbonisation pathways. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition, 2, p.100016.
Gössling, S., Meyer-Habighorst, C. and Humpe, A., 2021. A global review of marine air pollution policies, their scope and effectiveness. Ocean & Coastal Management, 212, p.105824.
Griffin, P.W. and Hammond, G.P., 2019. Industrial energy use and carbon emissions reduction in the iron and steel sector: A UK perspective. Applied Energy, 249, pp.109-125.
Jäger-Waldau, A., Kougias, I., Taylor, N. and Thiel, C., 2020. How photovoltaics can contribute to GHG emission reductions of 55% in the EU by 2030. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 126, p.109836.
Mohsin, M., Rasheed, A.K., Sun, H., Zhang, J., Iram, R., Iqbal, N. and Abbas, Q., 2019. Developing low carbon economies: an aggregated composite index based on carbon emissions. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 35, pp.365-374.
Ng, K.S., Farooq, D. and Yang, A., 2021. Global biorenewable development strategies for sustainable aviation fuel production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 150, p.111502.
Rojas-Michaga, M.F., Michailos, S., Cardozo, E., Akram, M., Hughes, K.J., Ingham, D. and Pourkashanian, M., 2023. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production through power-to-liquid (PtL): A combined techno-economic and life cycle assessment. Energy Conversion and Management, 292, p.117427.
Sun, L., Cao, X., Alharthi, M., Zhang, J., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. and Mohsin, M., 2020. Carbon emission transfer strategies in supply chain with lag time of emission reduction technologies and low-carbon preference of consumers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 264, p.121664.
Vella, H., 2021. Ten Steps to net zero: As the goal to reach net zero in the UK rapidly approaches, we examine Boris Johnson's 10-point plan for a green industrial revolution. Engineering & Technology, 16(1), pp.20-25.,
Wang, Y., Guo, C.H., Chen, X.J., Jia, L.Q., Guo, X.N., Chen, R.S., Zhang, M.S., Chen, Z.Y. and Wang, H.D., 2021. Carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China: Goals, implementation path and prospects. China Geology, 4(4), pp.720-746.
Zheng, X., Streimikiene, D., Balezentis, T., Mardani, A., Cavallaro, F. and Liao, H., 2019. A review of greenhouse gas emission profiles, dynamics, and climate change mitigation efforts across the key climate change players. Journal of Cleaner Production, 234, pp.1113-1133.
Online
Government investment in jet zero strategy. 2023. [Online] available through:< https://www.climateaction.org/news/uk-government-invests-113m-to-unlock-zero-emission-guilt-free-flights>
Increase in sales of electric vehicles. 2023. [Online] available through :< https://www.zap-map.com/ev-stats/ev-market#:~:text=How%20many%20plug%2Din%20cars,growth%20of%2020%25%20on%202021.>
Investment in the development of charging motorways in UK. 2023. [Online] available through:< https://www.electrive.com/2023/03/30/uk-to-invest-over-380-million-in-charging-infrastructure/#:~:text=The%20British%20government%20has%20announced,of%20a%20major%20energy%20package.>
