1.0 Introduction - Exploring Material Selection and Structural Improvements
In this particular assignment a compact “truss bridge” with the help of “Abacus software” was made. The selective bridge is made as a 2D structure with compact measurement. There is a particular material that is the sustainable choice for the “truss bridge.” The compact “Dynamic Explicit Analysis” used for the purpose of whole work to provide compact results. There is a lot of process to evaluate the assignment about “analysis of truss bridge with abacus fea” in a compact way through the section of main body.
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This is the main part of this assignment. There is evaluation of the compact background about “Dynamic Explicit Analysis” also the key characteristics of the “truss bridge.” Then evaluate the clear point of view of the model. Then the compact material selection for the “truss bridge” was done. Next, there are the compact parameters of the material for the conduction purpose of the model (Jamshidi and Sam, 2022). The process of assembly regarding structural trusses is also evaluated in this section. Then there is available the results regarding displacements. The discussion of the result is also evaluated in this assignment. At the last, there is a compact improvement regarding the model with compact loads that have the availability of longer duration. This is the overall motivation of this assignment. The main body is able to evaluate all the necessary sections for this assignment.
2.1 Background of Dynamic Explicit Analysis of Truss Bridge
The main background of this structure is used to provide the behavior. The behavior of the “truss bridge” is done in a dynamic way. The “dynamic explicit analysis” here is used for the purpose of knowing the possibility of “resonance occurrence” with the compact frequency (Brema et al. 2019). This procedure is also the sustainable choice to know the characteristics of the bridge. The clear objectives for this assignment are-
To know the availability and durability of the truss bridge.
To know all the functions of the truss bridge.
To know the compact dynamic loaded that able increase the efficacy of the bridge.
To provide compact primary analysis to establish the model.
Figure 1: Geometry of Truss bridge with a perfect dimension
There is the compact geometry of the truss bridge. This is created with compact measurements. The length of the base of the bridge is 60m. The length of the top bridge is 40m. The height of the bridge is 10m (Coni et al. 2021). The six cross sections of the bridge consist of a length of 14.1m. The geometry of the structure truss is made with modeling space as a 2D planner. Type is deformable and the base feature is wire.
2.2 The procedure and description of the model
There is a compact process of “Dynamic Explicit Analysis” to create the model of “truss bridge” with the work of Abaqus software. There are several kinds of processes to establish the sustainable model in a compact way. The compact geometry helps to make the model in an initial way. The truss structure here is done with compact material selection with assembly instances. Then there is the set section with “force point set” and “end point set.” Nextly the implementation of compact load able to create sustainable BCs (Parthasarathy et al. 2021). The connection of these faces is able to create compact mesh for the model. Then the sustainable mesh section is able to do a great simulation process to provide compact analysis with great results. This is the overall procedure to create the model through ABAQUS platform. The maintenance of the procedure is done here in a good way.
The structure is done with the whole process that is already described in this point.
2.3 Selective material
The behavior of material is so important for the model. The construction process of the truss bridge is done with the material of AISI 1005 Steel. This particular selective material is able to increase the durability in a real way for truss bridges.
Figure 3: Selective Material
The closable selective material is AISI 1005 Steel. It has excellent properties in a mechanical way. This is the sustainable choice for making the “truss bridge” with good weld ability. The material standard as per usability (Boger, 2019). The behaviors of the selective material are described with next part.
2.4 Parameters of the material
The compact selection of the AISI 1005 Steel material with the parameters of Young’s Modulus, Mass density, Poisson’s ratio done in this section. The steps of loading with the types and the condition of the boundary are described in this part.
Figure 4: Mass Density
Above the picture is able to show the selective Mass density. The selective mass density that is implemented in this section is 7872 or 7.872 g/cc. This is a general selection.
Figure 5: Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio
Above the picture is able to show that the material behaves as an elastic. With the mechanical section there is the elasticity created with “Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio.” The selective Young’s modulus implemented as a 200000000000 and the Poisson’s Ratio implemented as a 0.29 (Fliscounakis et al. 2022). The both selection is the sustainable choice for the material behavior of the “truss bridge.”
Figure 6: Force Point set
The set of force points is the initial choice for the purpose of loading steps with the types. The three small red points in the upper position of the truss bridge are able to show that “force point set” implemented here in a compact way to work on the load section (Rodr?guez et al. 2019).
Figure 7: End point Set
The two corner of bridge are connected with the “end point set” This section also helps a lot to assign the load.
Figure 8: Implement Load
Above the picture is able to show that loads are implemented in a great way for three points. The red points with downer orange arrows are able to show that loads are generated. The implementation of loads are generated with “force point set and end point set (Abulqasim, 2021).” In the three points of the upper bridge the load is a 1KN that is 1000 N in ABAQUS software. Here the distribution is uniform. The load is Force Pulse that is concentrated.
Figure 9: Seed
The light pink able to show that seed complete here in a compact way the deep pink points able to assign that all the section are now ready for making the boundary condition.
Figure 10: Implement Boundary condition
The implementation process of boundary condition is connected with the process of assembly. The name of the boundary condition is Pin. The step is initial. Category is mechanical and the type of selected step known as a displacement rotation.
Figure 11: Boundary
Above the picture is able to show that there is a boundary. The orange colors in the corner points denoted the boundary with ABAQUS software.
2.5 The process of assembly
The assembly process connected with three phases that are- assign section, truss section assignment and the creating assembly instances.
Figure 12: Assign Section
Above the picture is able to show the assigned section. The section is assigned as a truss section that is beam category with truss type depending on the properties.
Figure 13: Truss section assignment
The section assignment is known as a “truss section assignment.” The bridge is highlighted as a green color that means it is generated (Rudnieva, 2020). This process connected with the creating assembly instance in a great way.
Figure 14: Creating Assembly instance
Above the picture is able to show that “creating assembly instances” is done here in a compact way. The blue color shows the assembly instance done for the meshing.
2.6 Results
Figure 15: Compact Mesh
Mesh is so important for every model. With all the previous processes there is a compact mesh of the 2D “truss bridge” in a compact wat. The sky color indicates that mesh is generated here. Now, the model is ready for simulation with the possible output results with the proper findings[Refer to Appendix 1].
Figure 16: Analysis result
This is the initial result of the analysis process. The green color indicates simulation done and the model is ready for producing the results (Mousavi et al. 2020). This is the analysis of the truss bridge under the pulse load as well as the load applied to the truss for 0.01 second in this step.
Figure 17: Data for end point
Above the graph is the result of “data for the end point.” The red curve line indicates data for end point. The graph is plotted between displacements with the time. Highest point of time is 0.010 and highest point of displacement is 0.20 [*1.E-3]. The wave of graph goes highly that means end point data done in a perfect way.
Figure 18: Data for force point
Above the graph is the “data for the force point.” The red curve line indicates data for force point. The graph is plotted between displacements with the time. Highest point of time is 0.010 and highest point of displacement is 0.00 [*1.E-3] (Buitrago et al. 2021). The wave of graph goes down that means force point data done in a perfect way.
Figure 19: Displacement Graph
Above the picture is the compact result of displacement. Red color indicates the higher displacement. Deep blue color for the lowest displacement and other colors for the medium displacements. Highest displacement is (+1.593e+05) and the lowest displacement is (+0.000e+00). The step time is 3.6996E-03 depending on the primary variable[Refer to Appendix 2]. There are also many colors available that are used for the middle displacements in an initiative way.
Figure 20: Maximum deformation occurred
This is the compact picture of “maximum deformation occurred.” Here two colors of arrows. The red arrows for the maximum deformation occurred and also there are some green arrows that indicate medium deformation occurred. This is all or the experimental results that are done here in a compact way.
2.7 Discussion of Results
The model is the sustainable model of the “truss bridge “with the AISI 1005 Steel material. That is able to show great results in the upper section. The applicable load there is 1000N that is the sustainable choice for the model. At first, the greatest graphs are created for data for end point as well as for data for force point. Then the displacement graph also established that the Highest displacement is (+1.593e+05) and the lowest displacement is (+0.000e+00). The deformation also occurred. The compact mesh is the perfect choice to create the analyzation results with the proper findings (Li et al. 2022). Finally, it can be said that the model is strong enough because the material used is AISI 1005 Steel. This is the compact choice for the material purpose of “Truss bridge.'' The model also stands in a great way with the section of greeted load for long durability of time.
2.8 Design or structural improvements
This section talks about the changes of design for the purpose of improvements. The improvements already done here for the model. AISI 1005 Steel material able to increase the efficiency of the truss bridge. For the purpose of improvement used 7872 as a mass density, 200 Gpa for young modulus and 0.29 for Poisson ratio. There is used 1000N load as well as the truss model also able to stand up with more loads for the future purpose.
Conclusion
The overall process of making the “truss bridge” model with the help of ABAQUS software ends here in a compact way. The mesh, simulation and the segment of result greatly evaluated in this assignment. So the compact model is done here with proper parts, property, assembly, step, interaction, load, mesh, optimization, job, visualization with sketch.
References
Journals
Abulqasim, S., 2021. Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with large web opening strengthened with different kinds of FRP composite under cycling load (Master's thesis, Alt?nba? Üniversitesi/Lisansüstü E?itim Enstitüsü).
Boger, N.C., 2019. Grillage Push-Down Analysis of Fracture Critical Steel Twin Tub Girder Bridges (Doctoral dissertation).
Brema, J., Santhosh Kumar, J., Prathibaa, K. and Rahul, T.S., 2019. Vibration measurement of a steel bridge using smart sensors: deployment and evaluation. In Proceedings of International Conference on Remote Sensing for Disaster Management: Issues and Challenges in Disaster Management (pp. 483-491). Springer International Publishing.
Buitrago, M., Bertolesi, E., Calderón, P.A. and Adam, J.M., 2021, February. Robustness of steel truss bridges: Laboratory testing of a full-scale 21-metre bridge span. In Structures (Vol. 29, pp. 691-700). Elsevier.
Coni, M., Mistretta, F., Stochino, F., Rombi, J., Sassu, M. and Puppio, M.L., 2021. Fast falling weight deflectometer method for condition assessment of RC bridges. Applied Sciences, 11(4), p.1743.
Fliscounakis, A., Arquier, M., Ferradi, M.K. and Cespedes, X., 2022. Assessing 3D concrete structures at ULS with robust numerical methods. In Numerical Modeling Strategies for Sustainable Concrete Structures: SSCS 2022 (pp. 130-139). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Jamshidi, M. and Sam, T., 2022. Study of the collapse of Sardabroud-Chalous truss bridge. Journal of Civil Engineering Researchers, 4(2), pp.46-51.
Li, H., Agrawal, A.K., Chen, X., Ettouney, M. and Wang, H., 2022. A framework for identification of the critical members for truss bridges through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 27(8), p.04022060.
Mousavi, A.A., Zhang, C., Masri, S.F. and Gholipour, G., 2020. Structural damage localization and quantification based on a CEEMDAN Hilbert transform neural network approach: a model steel truss bridge case study. Sensors, 20(5), p.1271.
Parthasarathy, A., Mahalingam, S., Sridharan, S., Chethala, S.P.K. and Vidjeapriya, R., 2021, November. Comparative Analysis of 3D Steel and Glulam Trusses Using ABAQUS. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1197, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP Publishing.
Rodr?guez, R.Q., Cardoso, E.U., Santos, P.S., Quispe, A.P. and Picelli, R.S., 2019. Structural optimization of 3d trusses considering the dynamic effect of the wind.
Rudnieva, I., 2020. ?omparative analysis of strengthening of building structures (masonry, metal structures, reinforced concrete) using FRP-materials and traditional methods during reconstruction. Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, (105), pp.267-291.
