Breast Cancer in England: Social Determinants and Community Approaches Case Study

Breast Cancer in England: Social Determinants and Community Approaches

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Introduction: Breast Cancer in England: Social Determinants and Community Approaches

Breast cancer is very common in England, it is diagnosed in women above 50 years however, it is also found in younger women (Battaglia et al., 2020). It is found that 1 in 7 women have breast cancer in their lifetime and it has a good probability of recovery if it is found at an initial stage (Gathani et al., 2021). It is found that about 55,900 new cases of breast cancer have occurred each year in England (Britt et al., 2020). Breast cancer has mainly affected women who are obese after menopause (Taniere et al., 2022). It is also observed that men have also had a risk of breast cancer if the are obese or overweight (Escorcia-Gutierrez et al., 2022). This study shows health issues such as breast cancer and critically analyses the role of community development and social determinants of health (Hilario et al., 2021). It also delivers empowerment and social capital to discussing health issues and it includes communication participation and mobilisation and its impact on public health (Panahiazar et al., 2021). There is also public involvement, communication and health promotion to deliver better results and recovery to patients of breast cancer in England (Kordan et al., 2019). The figure shows the women above 45 years and their screening for breast cancer from 2005 to 2022 in England [Refer to Appendix 1] (statista.com, 2023). It is found that the fourth most common cause of death is breast cancer in England. It is around 11,500 women and 85 men who were died from breast cancer in England (Whitaker, 2020). It is estimated that 134,802 people have died due to cancer in 2021 (Ansmann et al., 2020). The rate of growth of cancer deaths is declined due to the growing and ageing population in England (Kathrikolly et al., 2020).

Main Discussion

Social Determinants of Health

Health inequalities in England as it create fluctuations in life expectancy in different geographical regions (Hilario et al., 2021). As per the perspective of (Bambra et al. 2020), a lower social position can lead to poor health in the individual and it increases the risks of developing several health issues (Britt et al., 2020). It is also observed that the health outcomes are worse in the northern region compared to the southern regions of England (Drake et al., 2022). On the other hand, various behavioural risk factors including unhealthy diet and smoking can have a significant impact on the health of an individual (Dorling et al., 2021). Different social and economic factors can influence the health of individuals and it has a certain impact on both mental and physical health (Britt et al., 2020).

Health issues can occur due to certain factors such as ethnic group, sex, age, and hereditary group (Escorcia-Gutierrez et al., 2022). A healthy lifestyle can reduce the probability of the risks of various diseases (Panahiazar et al., 2021). It is stated (Prohaska, et al. 2020) that education is required to develop awareness among people which results in adopting a healthy lifestyle and helps in the reduction of health issues (Drake et al., 2022). Social determinants of health are employment, housing, income and other factors (Maringe et al., 2020). Improvement in health and reduction in health inequalities can be reduced by government policies at local, regional or national. As per the comments of (Burström and Tao, 2020), educated people are more concerned about the health and it reduces the suffering of long-term health issues (Drake et al., 2022). It is also observed that schooling can reduce the risks of several diseases such as diabetes, and heart disease and reduction in mortality (Bambra et al., 2020). It stated (Sieck et al. 2021) that lower education levels, poverty, lack of public health infrastructures and social isolation can increase the risks of developing cancer (Kordan et al., 2019). Genetics are responsible for the developing risks of cancers and environmental and social factors also have a certain impact on the health conditions of individuals (Bambra et al., 2020).

Lack of social support and discrimination of races can have a negative impact on the health issues of people in England (Hilario et al., 2021). On the other hand, social awareness of health issues can help in the early detection of diseases which results in the recovery of patients quickly (Arik et al., 2023). Levels of income can have a certain influence on the deterioration of psychological functioning and increase the chances of developing several issues and diseases (Kordan et al., 2019). It has been stated (Maani et al. 2020) that a healthy lifestyle and developing a diet with nutritious fruits and vegetables can help in the improvement of health conditions. NHS (National Health Service) developed several guidelines for patients who are prone to developing breast cancer which means they offer breast cancer screening for women who are aged 50 to 70 years which can help to provide better health outcomes for people in England (Modi et al., 2022). The general practitioner has to observe carefully the symptoms of cancers and detect cancer to provide patients with specialised treatment and early recovery. They can also provide mental support to fight diseases and illnesses (Battaglia et al., 2020).

GP can arrange tests to detect breast cancer in patients and these tests include breast MRI and mammogram (Kordan et al., 2019). NGOs can help to raise awareness among the public and educate patients and help to meet their needs and provide better healthcare services to the patients (Britt et al., 2020). It has been supported by (Rolfe et al. 2020) that lower socioeconomic status can lead to suffering more from health issues and it increases the risks associated with illnesses. It can be another cause of late-stage of diagnosis of diseases which reduced the probability of survival of the concerned health issues (Britt et al., 2020). It is a very common cause of death in the world and it affects most women and deteriorates health outcomes among people (Smith et al., 2019). Invasive breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and more death of people worldwide (Britt et al., 2020). The Spread of news and survivor of cancer and awareness of concerned diseases can help to promote a better society and help to provide better quality treatments in England (Masannat et al., 2020). England is already a developed country, thus they have an innovative approach to providing better quality treatments and recovering patients very quickly (Panahiazar et al., 2021). The England government has sanctioned a fund to provide better quality treatments to their patients and they provide free treatment facilities to their patients (Modi et al., 2022). Therefore, these types of government policies and strategies improve the healthcare outcomes of people in England (Britt et al., 2020).

Community Development

Community development can be based on some aspects and theories. The theories can help the community to get developed (Kordan et al., 2019). The mentality of the community can be improved with the help of the theories that can be utilised for analysing the aspects (Ginsburg et al. 2020). Maximum people in the community are facing the old-fashioned mentality that can be harmful to the developmental aspects of the community (Britt et al., 2020). The community need to improve their mentality and increase its understanding of the successful development of the society as well as the aspects (Gathani et al., 2021).

Social Action Theory

The social action theory is introduced by Max Weber; this theory can help the developmental aspects of the community (Ansmann et al., 2020). According to this theory, human beings accept actions, this can even help them to understand and analyse the effect of their actions on other people, according to the social context (Battaglia et al. 2020). The moment people start understanding the aspects that can be based on the effect of their aspects on other people (Britt et al., 2020). Another aspect of the social action theory can be based on the aspects that people assume the effects of their actions on other people and act accordingly (Kathrikolly et al. 2020). The social action theory is based on the aspect that the action of human beings depends on the aspect of the way people accept the effect of their actions and assumptions based on the effects that are probable based on their actions (Kathrikolly et al., 2020).

The assumptions of the people can be based on the aspects of how other people would react to their actions (Taniere et al., 2022). The social action theory describes that people make their actions by analysing the effect of their actions on society (Santoyo-Olsson et al. 2019). People accept the reaction of other people that can occur in their actions (Kathrikolly et al., 2020). They even assume the reactions of other people to their actions before making them (Drake et al., 2022). This can help them to analyse the actions that they can make or not on the basis of the potential reactions. People even make their actions on the basis of the reactions from others that are desirable (Rose et al. 2022). In some cases, the reactions that are desired and the reactions that are received can be different (Kathrikolly et al., 2020). People can change their actions and modify those on the basis of the reactions that are received, for receiving the reactions that are desired earlier (Escorcia-Gutierrez et al., 2022).

Schwartz Theory

According to the theory of Schwartz, the cross-cultural framework can be extended (Kathrikolly et al., 2020). The theory has identified that human beings have ten basic human values. The values can be based on the factors of motivating or achieving the desired goal (Drake et al. 2022). The theory has also explained the way by which all the people of the culture can recognise those (Battaglia et al., 2020). According to this project, the basic human value can be based on some aspects that are necessary to achieve a specific goal (Whitaker, 2020). People usually make some activities to fulfilling goals that can help them to be recognised by all types of people throughout the world (Bambra et al., 2020). The values that can be in the people can help them make various actions. The values can be initiated with the value of self-direction (Dorling et al., 2021). Self-direction can help human beings to direct their capabilities in the right direction for achieving goals that can be efficiently enough (Fletcher-Brown et al. 2021). The self directions strategies can also help achieve efficient aspects in fulfilling goals (Battaglia et al., 2020).

The stimulation can help human beings to achieve a specific range of goals (Kathrikolly et al., 2020). The stimulation is the motivation in the human brain that insists them make action for fulfilling their goals efficiently and successfully (Escorcia-Gutierrez et al. 2022). Achievement can be another value that can help the human being to be motivated based on fulfilling goals efficiently (Kathrikolly et al., 2020). There can be various other values such as power, security,tradition, conformity and various other aspects (Maringe et al., 2020). The goals of human beings are usually based on the aspects for fulfilling the goals efficiently. This theory describes the actions of human beings based on these aspects (Arik et al., 2023). Human beings can achieve their goals on the basis of these aspects with efficient measures as said in the theory.

Asset Based Approaches

There can be various approaches based on the assets of society. These aspects are needed to be achieved for achieving the goals of society successfully.

Empowerment

Empowerment can be an essential aspect of the efficiency of society (Kathrikolly et al., 2020). Society needs to change its mentality and appreciate empowerment. Empowerment can help society to fulfil its aspects of achieving goals efficiently (Panahiazar et al. 2021). The people of the diverse society face various negative approaches that can be harmful to achieving their goals. People should be empowered efficiently so that they can fulfil all the aspects that can help them to achieve the goals that they need to fulfil (Modi et al., 2022). For becoming successful in life people need to work independently which can help to make efficient approaches to fulfilling their goals (Kim et al. 2019). This independence can be achieved with the help of the aspects of empowerment. People can be empowered to achieve success with complete efficiency (Kathrikolly et al., 2020) the approaches of empowerment can be utilised in fulfilling all types of goals (Smith et al., 2019). That can be the goal for fulfilling the efficient aspects of life and that can also be based on changing society (Kathrikolly et al., 2020). Society needs to be changed based on various aspects such as accepting the modern approaches and accepting the goals of changing society (Zhao et al. 2020). These goals can be fulfilled efficiently with the help of empowerment. Empowerment can be the most efficient aspect that can help to fulfil the changes in society (Bambra et al., 2020).

Social Capital

Social capital can refer to the process of understanding all the valuable resources as well as helping to identify all the factors of the human body (Hilario et al., 2021). This process provides impact on the proper relationship with valuable resources which can be very beneficial for the development of England's human lives (Kordan et al. 2019). Additionally, this process helps create a good connection between all the people of England in terms of creating many important factors for the lives of people (Battaglia et al., 2020). The main advantage of using this process introduced the people helps to provide proper satisfaction to all the people of England's market in terms of reducing all the issues of this problem (Ansmann et al. 2020). This can be the best solution for the overall reduction of this challenge from the line of people (Bambra et al., 2020).

Conclusion

On a concluding note, it can be said that the social changes based on the treatment of breast cancer, nowadays can be adopted by society (Britt et al., 2020). In the present time, society needs to boost the knowledge about the reduction of all the issues of these diseases (Masannat et al., 2020). Social change refers to the process of introducing other technologies that can able to boost good knowledge about society in terms of developing the overall growth of the health of people (Kordan et al., 2019). The overall changes in the social environment help to increase the good health of the people as well as increase the performance of every person (Modi et al., 2022). In terms of getting all the essential knowledge about the development of the health of people, there are many effective utilisation processes are available in the growth of people's health (Ansmann et al., 2020). The potential issues of this health sector can able to reduced by the health care organisations in terms of proper management of the public health process (Gathani et al., 2021). Through the proper help of effective approaches healthcare managers can able to reduce all the health issues of all the individual people of England (Kathrikolly et al., 2020).

Partnership Working

Community participation & mobilization

The consumption of alcohol must be consumed and the rate of consuming fast food must be decreased at any cost (Bambra et al., 2020). Besides this, smoking is a very bad habit for health consumers and another bad activity is gaining weight which is very much worse for health conditions (Taniere et al., 2022). One of the prime causes of the occurring breast cancer is breastfeeding the baby and the other one is the therapy of the hormone (Stordal 2023). The other therapy is taken by doctors as mental therapy which is very important for patients to need a vital recovery (Bambra et al., 2020). The diet chart of cancer patients remains healthy and the thing that is needed to stop smoking every patient important part is the consumption of pills decline rate (Whitaker, 2020).

Public Involvement

The prime factor of the breast cancer patient is to need to take their mental strength and another support system the relatives as well as family (Battaglia et al., 2020). The family needs to support the patient and keep the strength of the mental condition of the patient (Dorling et al., 2021). The prime thing is needed to change the vision towards cancer patients of their society and help to make the matter illustrative and tend to reach a secure life (Goodwin et al. 2022). The first sign to understanding breast cancer is to create a lump in anywhere the body making the body's resistance low the other factor that is needed to rectify is the vision of society toward cancer patients (Maringe et al., 2020). Besides this, the other factor influencing breast cancer is to consumption of tobacco is the prime factor in the occurring cancers the other therapy is taken by doctors as mental therapy which is very much important for patients to need a vital recovery (Lou et al. 2023). The diet chart of cancer patients remains healthy and the thing that is needed to stop smoking every patient important part is the consumption of pills decline rate (Hilario et al., 2021).

Communication

The communication between the public and the patients should be improvised in a better way and the other section is to improve in the patient's mental condition along with the physical condition of the patients (Battaglia et al., 2020). One of the prime causes of the occurring breast cancer is breastfeeding the baby and the other one is the therapy of the hormone (Britt et al. 2022). On the other hand, smoking is a very bad habit for health consumers and another bad activity is gaining weight which is very much worse for a health condition (Drake et al., 2022). The other therapy is taken by doctors as mental therapy which is very important for patients to need a vital recovery (Arik et al., 2023).

Health promotion

The diet chart of cancer patients remains healthy and the thing that is needed to stop smoking every patient important part is the consumption of pills decline rate (Escorcia-Gutierrez et al., 2022). Besides this, the other factor influencing breast cancer is to consumption of tobacco is the prime factor of cancer and the other therapy is taken by doctors as mental therapy which is very important for patients to need a vital recovery (Hilario et al. 2022). The first sign to understanding breast cancer is that creates a lump in anywhere the body making the body's resistance low the other factor that needs to be rectified is the vision of society toward cancer patients (Bambra et al., 2020). Another factor is to make the lumps of the body’s position and the condition of the body has deteriorated slowly (Modi et al., 2022).

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Conclusion

The overall report highlights based on breast cancer information and the other community of the health condition of the patients as well as the community. The diet chart of the cancer patients remains healthy and the thing that is needed to stop smoking for every patient important part is the consumption of the pills decline rate. The entire report introduced the causes of breast cancer that need to be stopped through the avoidance of consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, and other tobacco-containing food. Besides this, the other sectors of the community need a polite approach toward the cancer patients, and therefore the patients gain moral support from the others and keep the desire in between them. On the other hand, the therapy is taken by doctors as mental therapy which is very important for patients to need a vital recovery.

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