Introduction - Exploring Research Design and Methodologies in Business
Business research is a part of research by which an organizational structure and function can be recognized properly. There are different factors that affect business research and some of these are financial approaches, social approaches,organizational structure, management part of an organization, and many more. Business research development concerns organizational reformation as well as social reformation. This study helps to develop organizational sustainability and on the other hand, it can be effective for the future development of any business. A proper management process can lead a business in a proper way. Moreover, it increases employment as well as the organizational environment.
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Quantitative research that has been mentioned in the study is all about the concept of finding the numerical values and the evaluation of the data regarding the method of quantitative analysis. Quantitative research is a part of the research method that is described by producing data that are executed with the help of a quantitative approach. The data analysis is the main part of the method which can correlate the formation of the research in order to have effective hypotheses. According to Phillips, (2019) quantitative research is a kind of research that is done by evaluating the fact that is depending on surveys and interviews. The research is executed with the implementation of a situation that consists of the participants who are engaged in effective surveys and structural interviews. Also, Varghese and Veeraiyan (2019) states that the group of participants that are considered in the research is set by the categorization of ages, gender and also some of the random questions that are formed for asking them in the time of the surveys. The questions that are formed are categorized by the factors of deciding to whom the questions need to be asked and what can be the impact the questions.
The questions that are formed for the surveys are answered by the participants and those answers are analyzed for providing effective measures of evaluation. The evaluation of the answers is further discussed and is used for the analysis of the study. The quantitative method of the research deals with the research questions that can be important for the evaluation of the data. The questions that are asked are formed in order to clarify the importance of the study. The research questions are asked of the people who have participated in the research surveys. The answers received from the people against the research questions are again observed carefully in order to form the analysis in the way of solving the data-oriented research.
Figure 1: Quantitative research
Qualitative Method
Research methodology is a procedure by which a systematic investigation such as statistical, mathematical, and technological approaches can be done properly, and as a result, proper analytical approaches can find out. There are different types of research methodologies and they are qualitative, quantitative, and on the other hand primary, and secondary. Qualitative data analysis is concerned with words rather than different numbers. According to Sahoo (2022), there are different features of qualitative methodologies and they are epistemological, ontological, and naturalism. Epistemological means understanding sociology and implementing it into the research procedure. The ontological approach means a result that comes from the interaction between two individuals such as an interview and naturalism means considering natural objects rather than passive subjects for the recommended research.
Figure 2 : Steps of Qualitative data analysis
There are different steps to execute the qualitative research methodologies and these are research questions, selecting a proper site, collecting data, data interpretation, theoretical work, and finally conclusions. First of all the research questions needs to be found out properly and this is the face of this methodology. After this procedure, someone needs to choose the proper subject or site for business management for applying to study. The next step is data collection and it is a very important part of this method. Data collection should be appropriate and it reflects on the overall research. after that, data interpretation also is an important part of this methodology and it needs to be done in a proper way. According to Kraus et al. (2022) Interpretation can be done in various ways and someone can easily do it. The next step is the theoretical part and implementation of this part is very crucial for this method. Conclusions need to be mandatory for this procedure and it gives the overall concluding ideas about this topic. On the other hand, there are different negative impacts regarding this theory, and keeping it in mind researchers have to proceed with the research.
Detailed Overview of Research Design and Approaches
Research Design
The research strategies are associated with research design and these two are important for any research. The research design makes an appropriate idea on the recommended topic and it is a useful research tool to give a proper structure to the research. It provides the basic idea and a framework for the data collection as well as helps to choose a priority-based topic for the research. There are different factors that are associated with this research design and some of these are, expressing a good connection between variables, creating a larger group for better communication, a proper understanding of the behavior of the individuals, providing appropriations to the social factors that help in cop up with the research. In addition with it, it may play an important role to introduce some significant approaches that are unique as well as interesting for the researcher. According to Zerbino et al. (2021) Business management is a topic where someone can easily find out those different tools for creating the research design properly. It also improves the research approach and research processing techniques. when a researcher can start research, this design helps in providing a primary idea about this topic.
There are different features to calculate the criteria of the design and these are reliability, replicativeness, and validity. These three provide the basic idea of the research design and it also helps to understand the research properly. It also measures the quality of the research design. On the other hand, these features have some drawbacks and that is why sometimes their usage can be hampered due to this reason. Reliability means the question, that is found by the researcher whether this is repeatable or not. The term is used to find the question that is applied to know the meaning of business and organizational management. Reliability is associated with quantitative research and it shows the different statistical approaches as well as a graphical representation. There are different factors in reliability and these are teamwork, employee motivation, the effectiveness of the organization, and many more. On the other hand, sometimes this reliability also has some negative impacts and that is why it must be avoided by the researcher. The other feature is replicability and it is very important for the research design. Different parts can be found in this feature and these are the management process, team development process, working culture, and many others. The idea of reliability is closely associated with the idea of replicability and in addition to it, this whole idea helps to make research properly (Zerbino et al. 2021). There may be a suspected result that does not match sometimes with the exact result. This approach helps to differentiate the various data and executes a framework to do the research properly. This is a very important point if a researcher does not execute research in a proper way but it can be done through this replicability process. The low usage of replication theory indicates that the method has some negative parts also. The last portion or feature is validity and it is also an important part of the research design (Di Vaio et al. 2021). Considering this feature, a research design can be executed in a proper way. Validity is concerned with the conclusion which is generated from the overall construction of this section. There are different types of validity processes and some of these are measurement validity, internal validity, ecological validity, and external validity. Thus the research design is done properly to execute the research.
Research approach
The research approach is a kind of introduction that can be followed during the construction of a research study. Research can be in various forms and the evaluation of the research done is based on the approach that has been discussed in the study. The research approach is followed in order to start research with the help of effective conditions. The research approach can be differentiated into three forms and the forms of approaches deductive approach, inductive approach and abductive approach (Valeri and Baggio, 2021). This kind of approach is formed in order to have effective values for the research that can consider the study with the implementation of the new theories or the maintenance of the existing theories (Bairagi and Munot, 2019). The approach can be done for research to find the result in order to have an effective analysis which is the most important part of the research. The research matters are differentiated by various forms of research approaches as this is the primary part of the research.
The research approach is a kind of form that can be used in the formation of new theories and the protection of existing theories with the help of effective research approaches. The research approaches are formed in order to have effective control of the inductive and deductive methods. There are three types of approaches that are used in order to find the value of the research through the implementation of the necessary theories that can be used in the research for data analysis. The part of research approaches that are mostly used in a research study are:
Inductive approach
The inductive approach is a kind of approach that is not involved in the formulation of the hypotheses. It is the process that starts with the research questions and aims that are followed by the research objectives (Nascimento, 2019). The research approach is a kind of process by which a new theory is formed that is formed by following the objectives and the research questions. This kind of approach is used in terms of the evaluation of the research questions with the help of the observations that are achieved (Khalil, 2020). The observation of the research resulted in to form of the inductive approach and due to the fact of the inductive approach, the formation of the theories is done with the objective to answer all the research questions.
Deductive approach
The kind of approach is particularly based on the research objectives and by this, the approach is followed to maintain the existing theories that are there for the execution of the research. If research is based on various hypotheses then the research is a kind of approach where the application of the deductive method is needed. In this kind of approach, the hypotheses are formed from the effective theories and followed by the observation test the hypotheses are tested and the confirmed result is extracted (Abdulrahaman, 2020). The main part of the research approach is that the approach is followed to convey the importance of hypotheses by having the continuous result of the evaluation.
Figure 3 : Deductive and inductive approach
Abductive approach
The abductive approach is a kind of approach that is followed in an incomplete set of observation which mean it is used in the set of findings where there is some confusion against the research. The research is done on the basis of the approach that needs to find an effective explanation of the sets of observations that are obtained (Abuhassna and Darwish, 2020). The approach is followed in such research where the observations and the analysis are incomplete and it is under continuous process till the observations are complete.
Conclusion
It is to be concluded that the study is fully based on the research method that is followed in order to complete a particular research study. The study is comprised of the formation of the methodologies, research approaches and research designs (Al, 2020). The study is mainly dependent on the formation of the research approach which is comprised of effective designs and the methodology that is used in the case of constructing research with the observation of the research objectives and the formation of the effective result in order to have expected clarification.
References
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