Start with the summary of both case studies (Rebecca & Ben)
In case study 1, there is a child, Rebecca Brown, who is 8 years old and uses a wheelchair after facing a road accident at the age of 5. She needs personal care due to her physical disabilities, as she fractured her spine during the accident. She has a learning disability, autism, and physical disability, quadriplegia. In the case study 2, Ben Grace is 52 years old and dealing with Down’s syndrome as well as type 2 diabetes. He has learning difficulties, that’s why he needs support. Ben also does not follow his diet, that’s also affecting the glucose level in his blood. As he has a learning disability, Down syndrome, and physical illness, type 2 diabetes
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1. Define the term disability (provide reference) and apply this definition to examples in both case studies
Disability is a condition of mind and body which makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities and also interact with the world (Schalocket et al. 2021). Here Rebecca has physical disabilities as she is unable to physically function due to a fracture of the spine. On the other hand, Ben is mentally disabled and dealing with significant disturbance in cognition and behaviour regulation, as well as facing an eating disorder.
2. Define the term disablement (provide reference) and apply this definition to examples in both case studies
Disablement is a problem of being unable to perform, which is a consequence of mental and physical unfitness (Wolbring and Lillywhite 2021). This refers to a process becoming disabled. As Rebecca is becoming physically disabled, as she doesn’t get to function as normal. On the other hand, Ben is facing a condition of mental disablement which affects his ability to do regular activities on a day-to-day basis.
3. Define the term discrimination (provide reference) and apply this definition to examples in both case studies
Discrimination refers to treating people differently from others. As opined by Bilan et al. (2020), discrimination refers to an act of making unjustified discrimination between people based on their abilities. As Rebecca is different from others as she is physically disabled, she is being discriminated against by other children of her age. However. Ben is also being discriminated as he is also being discriminated against for his appearance.
4. Define the term impairment (provide reference) and apply this definition to examples in both case studies
Impairment refers to a condition of absence of some body structure of a person or can hamper mental functioning. As said by Peng et al. (2020), the act of impairing refers to the condition of being impaired or loss of some function or ability. As Rebecca lost her lower portion functions due to the accident. On the other hand, Ben was also impaired by his Down's syndrome as he was also impaired by his mental illness.
Models of Disability
5. Define the Medical model of disability (provide references) and apply this model to examples from both case studies
The medical model of disability refers to a condition of disability, which refers to people who are disabled for their differences or impairments. Under a "medical mode", all of these differences or impairments can be changed or fixed by medical or any other treatments. According to Hogan (2019), even these impairments are not painful. The medical mode of disability focuses on the cure and accepts the patient as normal. In both of these cases, Rebecca and Ben are treated as normal, to treat them as a normal person, and that doesn’t make them feel different from others.
6. Define the Social model of disability (provide references), and apply this model to examples from both case studies
Social model of disability refers to the disability caused by the way the society is organised, but does not only focus on a person's differences or impairment. Through this, the way of removing barriers can occur (Withers, 2020). As Rebecca and Ben are restricted to living as disabled people, but the social model of disability will help them to live as normal people in society.
7. Disability can be seen as a social construct. Explain how this is the case and provide relevant examples from BOTH case studies to support your argument(provide references).
Disability can be seen as a social construct, this study helps to view disability in a normal way as a social construct. As said by Artiles (2019), it is rather than the experience of disability. In this case, Rebecca has a learning disability, Autism, and physical disability, quadriplegia, on the other hand, Ben has Down syndrome as a learning disability also Type 2 diabetes as a physical illness. This mode of study will help to change society and accommodate them to live with such an impairment.
P3:Minimising challenges
Identify the workers for each case study
Case study
Health and/or social care worker
Rebecca
Health and social care worker
Ben
Social care and Health worker
Rebecca:
1. Describe the roles and responsibilities of the health/social care worker you selected based on the case study.
As Rebecca has quadriplegia, she needs a healthcare worker and a multidisciplinary team, like neurologists, physiotherapists, and therapists, so they can help Rebecca with her injury. As said by Townsend et al. ( 2020), it has been seen that quadriplegia needs to be treated by a neurologist. Rebecca is also dealing with autism, so she also needs the support of a social worker, to engage with her, practice her education, and help to support her on the spectrum, and also help to communicate.
2. Environmental challenge:
a. Describe ONE environmental barrier that Rebecca could face
One barrier Rebecca could face as a quadriplegic patient is a lack of accessible public transportation. As Rebecca is dealing with a spinal cord injury, she could easily face a problem of transportation without anyone’s help.
b. Describe (in detail) how a health/social care worker can help Rebecca overcome this barrier.
As a healthcare professional, a Neurologist or physiotherapist can help her with physiotherapy to treat spinal cord injury and also help her to maintain the tissue capability and also help to develop muscle strength to give her maximum potential to promote independence. As opined by Zedde et al. (2022), this treatment will help Rebecca with her maximum movement so she can gain potential strength to face her difficulties. Through this treatment, Rebecca can overcome her difficulties with transportation.
Explain how these difficulties can be overcome effectively.
3. Social Challenge:
a. Describe ONE social barrier that Rebecca could face
One social challenge Rebecca could face is “interacting with others” and facing communication differences due to autism. As Rebecca has autism, she mostly faced problems with communicating with others.
b. Describe (in detail) how the health/social care worker can help Rebecca this barrier.
As a social worker, I can treat Rebecca with specialized ways to deal with autism. The social worker helps to provide support and assistance to Rebecca. They also train Rebecca in difficult problem-solving methods, as well as help with counselling. As opined by Prete et al. (2022), this will help Rebecca to develop a relationship with families and friends, and thus lead to lower communication. This will help Rebecca to recognise people’s abilities as well as strengths. This difficulty will be overcome easily by Rebecca with the help of a social worker.
a. Describe ONE personal barrier that Rebecca could face
One personal barrier that Rebecca could face is "extensive loss of sensation" due to quadriplegia. Hypoesthesia is a loss of sensation in a part of the body. This problem could be faced by Rebecca, as sometimes it gets accompanied by some "pins-and-needles tingling" (Zeidan et al. 2022). This causes losing a sense of pain in the body, touch, and also face numbness in some part of the body.
b.Describe (in detail) how the health/social care worker can help Rebecca with this barrier.
Some variety of treatments exists for Hypoesthesia. Health workers can help Rebecca to overcome this problem of Hypoesthesia. A neurologist can help to diagnose this condition and also help to determine the problem. A massage will help Rebecca to feel effective and this will improve the blood flow. As opined by Monk et al. (2022), with this treatment, Rebecca can be treated as well as can improve her blood flow. Health workers can also recommend some modifications to Rebecca's lifestyle, or medication, that will help Rebecca, or if it is not curable ,then a “minor invasive surgery” can be great for Rebecca.
1. Describe the roles and responsibilities of the health/social care worker you selected based on the case study.
Ben needs Health care support as well as social care support. As Ben is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, he needs the support of healthcare with a “primary care provider”. This treatment mainly includes the control of diet, as Ben is not taking care of his diet, a health care adviser is needed to maintain blood glucose testing and in some cases, the health worker will also provide Insulin to Ben or other medication.
As Ben is also dealing with Down’s syndrome, in this case, Ben needed a social worker who can help Ben to overcome this situation. The social worker will find accommodation to overcome the situation and also help Ben to live more freely and independently.
2. Environmental challenge:
a. Describe ONE environmental barrier that Ben could face
One environmental barrier Ben could face as a patient with Down syndrome is problems with hearing and vision weakness. As Ben has a problem with congenital loss in the inner ear, which causes permanent hearing loss that is a barrier Ben is facing.
b. Describe (in detail) how the health/social care worker can help Ben this barrier.
As Ben has a barrier in hearing due to his Down's syndrome. A health worker can help him to overcome this situation. Consulting doctors mainly "Ear, Nose and Throat specialists", (ENT) can provide Ben with some hearing aids which can help Ben with their problem of hearing. As said by Antonarakis et al. (2020), this treatment helped Ben to deal with the hearing problem. Or an alternative way to remove adenoids from the nose and throat area can help in the process of hearing. Through this treatment, Ben can overcome these problems.
a. Describe ONE social barrier that Ben could face
One social barrier Ben could face as a patient with Down syndrome, is "social stigma and discrimination". This social problem could be faced by Ben and he could also lose his self-esteem and social development.
b. Describe (in detail) how the health/social care worker can help Ben this barrier.
In this problem, a social worker can help Ben to deal with this problem by reducing stigma by working with Ben, and also supporting him and his family members. This will help Ben to enable the family members of Ben, and also helps Ben to reduce stigma and stay by the family always. Also, a social worker can speak through the negative comments and behaviour of social people, can boost communication and help in the reinforcement of the stereotypes as Ben.
a. Describe ONE personal barrier that Ben could face
A personal challenge Ben could face due to type 2 diabetes is that he has faced obesity due to a lack of proper diet. As Ben is feeling depressed and taking sugar, this can show the effect on his body as well as his blood level. This will lead to an increase in the sugar level in his blood.
b. Describe (in detail) how the health/social care worker can help Ben this barrier.
As Ben is surviving with the problem of a poor diet, which is leading him to obesity. This can be cured with the proper help of a health care adviser. A healthcare worker can help him to give a basic diet chart that is appropriate for a diabetic patient. This helps to Ben consume less bad fat and also helps to control sugar cravings. This helps Ben to control his diet and thus obesity will be controlled too. As opined by Chen et al. (2021), eating more vegetables and fruits and less sugary food can also help to control sugar craving levels thus automatically maintaining the blood sugar level of diabetic patients.
Is marginalisation, such as failure to include, avoidance, discrimination, including failure to make adjustments or modifications, disempowerment, including not allowing individuals to make decisions, removing choice, labelling.
Define the attitude (provide reference)
"Stereotyping and judgmental assumptions" is an assumption of beliefs that someone holds as default and without being tested on them, these biases are subjective and also differences in the opinion from another person to another. These stereotypes make a general thought about some people. As told by Galicia-Garcia et al. (2020), an example of this situation is assuming that a person who may commit a violent offence against someone is to be male. These stereotypes generated thoughts of negativity, and it leads to subconsciously or consciously limiting the avoidant behaviour.
Explain why it is important for health and social care workers to be aware of this attitude from other people.
As a health care and social care worker, we need to be aware of this behaviour of "Stereotyping and judgemental assumptions." This can prevent the threat of this behaviour. This can be aware of the unhealthy lifestyle of the people's choices and also inferior intelligence, which can be perpetuated, this can often cause unintentional problems in health care professionals or a " public health campaigns". According to Roden and Shulman ( 2019),
this behaviour can cause much harm to a patient, thus social care and healthcare workers need to know about this behaviour beforehand. So this is important to be aware of the attitude of people beforehand.
How can the attitude be detrimental to health, wellbeing, and inclusion?
Negative Stereotypes refer to the "Stereotyping and judgmental assumptions" that can observe in people who lack willpower, and can lead to the health professional and also communication may lbe ess effective with a patient. As said by Moudatsou et al. (2020), with this negative behaviour a patient can get less time as well as fewer opportunities to explain their problems and syndromes, which eventually make the patient less comfortable in explaining their condition. These stereotypes also impose limitations on people who are targeted or assigned to their roles. These judgmental stereotypes can also be viewed as "judgmental heuristics" that sometimes show an effect on the goodness and health of the people.
How can the health and social care worker respond appropriately to show support against the attitude for people with additional needs.
Negative stereotyping and judgemental assumptions due to a lack of knowledge and compassion need to be challenged by health and social care workers. As opined by Pelleboer-Gunnink et al., (2021), health and social care workers can contribute to the awareness among people. They can identify people who misbehave and intervene with reasonable warnings and easy-to-follow advice.
Guidance for P4:
Consider only ONE in each category. It has to be appropriate to each case study:
Environmental: access and barriers, e.g. public buildings, public transport • minimising barriers, e.g. ramps, information in large print • employment, e.g. adaptations to work environment,
Social (1): Communication aids • inclusion, e.g. leisure activities, internet and social networking • daily living, e.g. shopping, home and personal care services, mobility aids.
Explain the benefits of adaptations and support provided to one child and one adult with different additional needs.
Analyse how the provision and support provided for one child and one adult with different additional needs have benefited them
Equipment Adaptations for individuals with additional needs:
Choose one adaptation (for each additional need) relevant to the child case study (e.g. mobility aids, daily living adaptations [including those for people with quadriplegia and/autism/dyslexia] and communication aids, e.g. hearing aids, British Sign Language and Makaton).
Describe the necessary adaptation to meet Rebecca’s needs.
Say How/why this benefits Rebecca (use relevant evidence to support your points).
For M3: Explain the challenges/difficulties that could be faced when providing this adaptation? (evidence to support your point must be provided)
Equipment Adaptations for Rebecca, the child
(i) The use of “reacher” equipment, an extension of the arms, can help a quadriplegic person like Rebecca.
(ii) This will enable her to grab objects which are otherwise out of her reach. It also decreases the risk of falling while leaning forward to grab an object (Woolley et al. 2020).
(iii) Rebecca’s autism may make it challenging for her while she learns to use the equipment by communicating with the demonstrators.
Equipment Adaptations for individuals with additional needs.
Choose one adaptation (for each additional need) relevant to the adult case study (e.g. mobility aids, daily living adaptations [including those for people with type 2 diabetes and Down's syndrome] and communication aids, e.g. hearing aids, British Sign Language and Makaton).
Describe the necessary adaptation to meet Rebecca’s needs.
Say How/why this benefits Ben (use relevant evidence to support your points).
For M3: Explain the challenges/difficulties that could be faced when providing this adaptation? (evidence to support your point must be provided)
Equipment Adaptations for Ben, the adult
(iv) The use of “glucometer” equipment, useful in instantly checking blood glucose levels, can help a diabetic person like Ben.
(v) This will enable him to monitor his blood glucose levels for adjusting the treatment procedures in consultation with healthcare professionals (Becker et al. 2021).
(vi) Ben’s Down syndrome may make it challenging for him while he learns to use the equipment. Thinking and understanding difficulty can make it hard to use the device.
Personal support for individuals with additional needs:.
Choose ONE personal therapy from the list.
occupational therapy
art therapy
music therapy
speech therapy
physiotherapy
Describe the support and how it can be used on Rebecca to meet her needs.
Explain how this support can benefit Rebecca (use relevant examples/evidence to support your points) in the short- and long-term
For M3: Explain the challenges/difficulties that could be faced when providing this support? (evidence to support your point must be provided)
Personal Support for Rebecca, the child
(vii) Physiotherapy, which is a scientific approach to using massages, exercises, and injury avoidance, can benefit a quadriplegic and autistic child like Rebecca.
(viii) Swelling, pain and other issues due to the lack of physical activities can be controlled with these interventions to promote physical health (Nauenberg, 2021).
(ix) Rebecca can face difficulties while participating in this due to her lack of the capability to communicate effectively.
Personal support for individuals with additional needs.
Choose ONE personal therapy from the list
occupational therapy
art therapy
music therapy
speech therapy
Physiotherapy
Describe the support and how it can be used on Ben to meet her needs.
Explain how this support can benefit Ben (use relevant examples/evidence to support your points) in the short- and long-term
For M3: Explain the challenges/difficulties that could be faced when providing this support? (evidence to support your point must be provided)
Personal Support for Ben, the adult
(x) Occupational therapy, which is a scientific approach to enabling challenged people to improve daily activity participation. It can benefit an adult like Ben to improve his activities.
(xi) Impairment in both gross and fine “motor functions” can be managed by regular occupational therapy (Brooks et al. 2020).
(xii) Ben can face difficulties while participating in this for long enough due to his type of diabetes making him frequently urinate and less energetic.
Financial support for individuals with additional needs. Choose ONE financial support from the list
Welfare rights, including Housing Benefit, Council Tax Benefit, and health benefits.
Transport support, including the Blue Badge scheme, Shopmobility, accessible buses and taxis.
Support for carers including Carer’s Allowance.
Explain how it would benefit the child in the short- and long-term.
Financial support for Rebecca, the child
Carer’s Allowance can benefit Rebecca in both the short and long terms by ensuring good quality care which Rebecca needs as a child who is growing up with additional challenges due to quadriplegia and autism. Spending far longer as a carer due to the special needs of the child means reduced opportunity to invest time in earning opportunities. This allowance can indirectly benefit Rebecca by enabling the carer to be well (Fuady et al. 2019). As a long-term effect, carers remain motivated to continue the support and cherish the bond lifelong.
Financial support for individuals with additional needs. Choose ONE financial support from the list and explain how it would benefit the adult in the short- and long-term..
Welfare rights, including State Pension, Pension Credit, Housing Benefit, Council Tax Benefit, health benefits.
Support for people at work, including Disability Employment Advisers based at local Jobcentres, Work Choice programme.
Transport support, including the Blue Badge scheme, Shopmobility, accessible buses and taxis.
Support for carers including Carer’s Allowance.
Financial support for Ben, the adult
“Disability Employment Advisers” who are based at local job centers made accessible to Ben can guide him to the most suitable places for work (Fuady et al. 2019). This can help Ben identify and develop skills which he can use to earn.
P5 Statutory provision
Statutory provisions for the child. Choose 1 from the list.
Common Assessment Framework (CAF)
The requirements on health, colleges, schools and early years providers to co-produce the local offer from 1 September 2014.
Education, Health and Care Plans from 1 September 2014.
Codes of practice, legislation and policies relating to provision for children with additional needs
Provide the significant points (summary) related to the child (Rebecca).
Use examples to show a positive impact on the child (Rebecca).
*M4 How has the provision impacted on how things are done by professionals in caring for the child?
Use examples to show a negative impact on the child
*M4 How has the provision impacted on how things are done by professionals in caring for the child?
Statutory provisions for Rebecca, the child
The “Common Assessment Framework” can further put the child into some positive experience and that can be possible through the “client and family factors”, “caring and death experience” and “environmental factors” (Kalfa and Yetim, 2020). The self-care skills can be achieved along with social networks and preferred choices.
The negative impacts can also affect Rebecca through the common assessment framework. The professionals can initiate the care for the child that can further traumatize her with the caregiver burden.
Statutory provisions for the adult
Choose 1 from the list.
Mental Capacity Act
Personal Health Budget
Provide the significant points (summary) related to the adult .
Use examples to show a positive impact on the adult
*M4 How has the provision impacted on how things are done by professionals in caring for the adult?
Use examples to show a negative impact on the adult
*M4 How has the provision impacted on how things are done by professionals in caring for the adult?
Statutory provisions for Ben, the adult
The “Personal health budgets” are the healthcare support that is provided to the parents for the equipment, treatment costs, and many more (Welch et al., 2022). That can help Ben in managing the costs that are essential for his treatment.
The personal health budget support can include a sense of depression and frustration along with an inferiority complex for not being able to bear the cost of his own treatment. The anxiety regarding the allocation of the budget can also haunt Ben.
D2
Justifying support and adaptations
Show how the support and adaptations in the case studies are necessary to overcome challenges to daily living for the child and the adult. You must link your ideas to the statutory provisions selected.
Support and adaptations can be provided to both Ben and Rebecca for their current conditions and that can reduce the challenges of everyday living to some extent. “Common Assessment Framework” for Rebecca can help her to withstand all the barriers that she is dealing with for her inability to be mobile by herself (Brooks et al. 2020). The self-care norms can be included in her experience which can reduce the tough situation and can include much more flexibility. On the other hand, the everyday tensions regarding the budget can be fixed for Ben with the help of “Personal health budgets” (Fuady et al. 2019). This can make his lifestyle much easier than before.
D3
Impact of providing support
For this task, treat it like a conclusion, talk about the impact of providing support for both of your case studies by discussing the things you said throughout the assignment.
Look at the positive impact of providing support to the child and the adult say how it could improve their well-being and life chances. Support your argument with evidence
Look at the negative impact of providing support to the child and the adult say how it could improve their well-being and life chances. Support your argument with evidence
Impact of Providing Support
to the child, Rebecca
The child is going through a crucial growth phase in her life. Quadriplegia makes her activities somewhat limited and the learning process becomes slow due to autism. But the comprehensive support of tweaking the environment and giving access to useful resources enables her to overcome the barriers. How well the society accepts her and responds to her presence is proof of the support being effective (Kalfa and Yetim, 2020). In addition to implementing the statutory actions designed for people like her, the compassionate approaches with wider participation make her life enriched.
to the adult, Ben
Ben has been living with two concurrent challenges ly Type-2 diabetes and Down syndrome. Both his mental wellbeing and physical well being need to be ensured with those challenges in mind (Welch et al., 2022) . In addition to implementing the statutory actions designed for people like him, the compassionate approaches with wider participation make his life enriched. Providing access to special equipment, financial aids and opportunities, healthcare services designed to support such individuals can alleviate the suffering and eliminate the risk of injuries or complicated problems which add to the suffering.
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