Choice Blindness and Its Impact on Memory Assignment Sample

How Choice Blindness Affects Eyewitness Reliability

Introduction

Choice blindness has been referring to the key findings that can individuals have been offended by the choices of self-reporting. The research has also created an investigation by enhancing the rates of long-term determinations that can also be making an effective range of reports that can be making beneficial side through the generations of the alternations of memories. The key results have been also detected about the participants for making a majority of the developments of consistency rates and making implications of the eyewitness memory. Besides that, the differentiation of attributes related to directed questions and misinterpretations of events have been making an accurate range of expectations that can also be diminished the rates of mistaken chances. The rate of recognised cultures have been making a choice that can also be helped to generations of episodic memory and enhance the rates of judicial systems.

Evaluations of cognitive theory in cognitive psychology

The approaches mentioned above have also been generated about the social influence and emotional abilities through considering the strengths and the weakness of the developments of the socially influenced attitudes. As per the view of Cochran et al. (2016), the Cognitive approaches have been making effective behaviours that can be dominated the process by generations of minds effectively. In this regard, the rates of targeting and continuous rates of improvements of the developments by generations of the designed and implementations. The rates of innovations can be enhanced by the rates of mental functions by performing a single threat by making an intrinsic literature and reducing rates of controlled abilities in an effective manner. The implementation of the theoretical perspectives related to "Cognitive Evaluation Theory" has been making a positive range of aspects through the generations of empirical research over the last two decades. As per the view of Greene et al. (2020), the effective ranges of outlines can also be making a psychological need that can be making a competency with the developments of autonomic values and making an external consequence in an effective manner. The rates of identification can also be making an effective range of psychological need through generations of determinations by making memorised shortages cultures. It can also be treated as a "Self-Perception Theory" that can be made a background through the generations of interview facilities. It has been also generations of motivation rates with making a specific environment (Cochran et al. 2016).

The rates of evaluations can be also increase the rates of integrations and generated empirical findings by making a task completely through enhancing the rates of behavioural modules. In this regard, the rates of good judgments have been used at the rates of evolutions and making a better range of understanding with enhanced rates of identification of the better rates. In this regard, the rates of ability can be made a value with enhanced rates of material and system cultures in a sustainable manner. The evolutions have been effectively considered by following the differentiation of the process such as attention, abstract reasoning, delayed recall, and orientations by generations of skills rates in cognitive evolutions. As per the view of Cochran et al. (2016), the proportions of the "Cognitive Behavioural Theory" have been making an effective range of behaviours by creating a link with the developments of changing rates. Therefore, the rates of implications as well as developments of changing literatures can also be effectively enhanced through the creation of structural learning modules in a sustainable manner. In this regard, the chances of exploitation and the rates of health generations with improvements can also be making an engagement of traditions and by making judgment facilities with breaking up the communications skills. As a result, the chances of development activities can be also generalised the cultures of the scheduling activities as well as the developments and the implementations can be made a thought through created judgments facilities in a sustainable manner.

Besides that, the rate of certain attitudes as well as the generations of the behavioural implications can make an unclear possession through enhanced rates of settlements and make an observation of the behavioural patterns by creating an effective range of module rates. As per the view of Wulff & Thomas (2021), the proportions of the "Learning Theory" have been received in the process and retained the knowledge rates during the considerations of the learning procedures prior to the overall factors. Thus, the rate of development as well as the changing behaviour of retained rates has been making a specific culture that is acquired with the changing rates and increased the rates of the quality of the modules rates. The chances of multiple intellectual traditions have been developing the rates of community with practised rates and making a positive traditions through the developments of the psychological changing rates (Cochran et al. 2016). The three kinds of development activities have been also effectively developed by the generations of the resources and with getting a learning ability that tried to develop the cultures of social constructive with improving the philosophy of predominant rates.

The rates of learning facilities can also be making a positive range of effects with enhanced rates of learning abilities in a sustainable manner. As stated by Cochran et al. (2016), the continuous rates of development activities can also be overviewed inthe psychological developments. This can be done by making an effective range of developments by growing up the interactions rates and generations of learning thoughts. Thus, the four kinds of cultures related to "Reflective Observation,Concrete Experience, Abstract Conceptualization, and Active Experimentation" have been developed through increased rates of learning abilities modules. Therefore, the rates of learning abilities can also be focused on the differentiation of attributes such as connectivity, social learning, and transformative learning can also be making am online instructions through enhanced rates of future development criteria. Besides that, the rates of collecting the knowledge as well as chances of collecting knowledge can enhance the rates of skills by making an appropriate attitude with retained about the skills rates. The continuous rates of development activities can also be generated about future determinations as well as making an effective implication through focusing on the environmental influences rates (Cochran et al. 2016). The rates of behaviourism can be made a supporting culture through enhanced rates of educational perspectives in an effective manner. The five kinds of attributes "Engagement, Elaborate, Explain, Explore and Evaluate" can also be effectively developed by making a beneficial attitude by enhancing the rates of cooperative interactions modules.

Critical understanding of research methods in cognitive psychology

The author has been making a precise explanation through the generations of the survey implementations and that can be making exchanges with enhanced rates of partial course credit. As stated by van Oorsouw et al. (2019), the collections of the effective ranges of cultures can be easily determined about the in-depth concepts in an effective manner. The usages of the effective methods related to "Controlled Experiment and Case Study" have been generated about the rate of investigations and make rates of cultural interpretations rates. Thus, the implementation of effective research methods can be diminished the rates of sources of bias as well as make an interpretation with generations of alternative results and demonstrated the findings with developed cultures of the theoretical implications. In this regard, the rates of advanced lietrature have been also making effective relationship modules that can be generalised about the differentiation of attributes related to feelings, behaviours, and thoughts in making a strategic outcome. As stated by Wade & Spearing (2022), the implications of data collection tools have uncovered the information and made an understanding rate with the developments of the improvements of succession rates and collecting the appropriate cultures by the usages of ideas. In this regard, the development of expectations and the chances of biases can also be affected by the phenomena by recognising the memories and interpretation rates.

As a result, the rates of development activities can be also made through the continuous development of the judicial patterns. As per the view of Hu (2022), the rates of implications and the improvements of chances can also be relied upon by its information and making effects that can be based on the effective ranges of attitudes. The rates of development, as well as the rates of improvements, can be made in an appropriate culture with enhanced rates of capabilities in generations of quality modules. Thus, the rates of contributions can also be made unreliably by the collections of the investigators effectively. The people have been created an often timing of making an influenced with making identification of the participation rates of manipulated the versions rates. The implications of eyewitness memory have been treated as a core concept that can be exposed the cultures of the misinformation and make participation rates with created an experiment of the developments of the time managerial abilities. Thus, the rates of underpinned authorities have also helped to detections of alternations. It has been made an effective range of patterns of the implications of misleading versions effectively.

As a result, the wider ranges of development activities can also be making subsequent cultures s well as the rates of extended facilities have been improving the cultures of eyewitness memory. As opined by Cue (2020), the research has been also making an interference literature that can enhance the rates of working abilities with the generations of introspective abilities in an effective manner (Cochran et al. 2016). The literature has also been making a beneficial outcome with the detection of the changing capacity as well as affected on the subsequent cultures. In this regard, the choices of blindness have been generated about the key findings that can be misled about the self-reported attributes and making investigations cultures with generations of the alteration rates in an effective manner. Thus, the rates of manipulation as well as the generations of the indications can be made experimental abilities with the developments of the consistency as well as making an exposed value to the creations of enhancements of the potential impacts in an effective manner.

The rates of recognised cultures have been generated about the forgetting choices with making a practical implication as well as developing the values of episodic memory in a sustainable manner. As per the view of Chan et al. (2019), eyewitnesses shave been making susceptible values with the generations of consistency and also provided the information and tried to reduce the ultimate ranges of mistaken chances and the collections of misinformation rates. The paper has also been considered as a major kind of threat that can be making a quality module through the generations of the testimonial cultures and making a piece of effective information through the developments of the inconsistency rates of making a priority. The rates of implications and the effective ranges of the prior information have been eventually collected with enhanced rates of time managerial abilities.

As per the view of Wade &Spearing (2022),effective ways have also distorted the rates of understanding as well as receiving the correct information by making false information that has been affected by psychological behavioural rates. Memory has been treated as an event that can be making a partially distorted rate with exposure to the cultures of the improvements of collecting knowledge rates. Besides that, the above-depicted things have created a wider range of effects of the differentiation of attributes related to "Exposure Time, Arousal, Delay, Attention and Weapon Focus" by making a continuity with the developments of the identifications modules (Cochran et al. 2016). The testimonials philosophy have been leading with the connectivity through the implications of the participation and generations of remaining timing with improved the values of episodic memories in an effective manner.

Critically examine and evaluate the research paper

Causes of memory blindness

There are different factors that contribute to memory blindness. Some of them are suggestions for any kind of work, repetition of words, and misattribution. These causes and their potential impacts need to be considered so that the negative effects of these factors can be reduced. These factors also give impact the accuracy and reliability of memory (Cochran et al. 2016). Memory blindness also termed source amnesia is the outcome of the above-mentioned factors. Apart from this, attention factors such as divided attention or distractions in the encoding process of the memory can lead to memory blindness.

Furthermore, emotions are also playing a crucial role in memory blindness as the heightened emotional state may have serious impacts on memory accuracy. There is a need to examine these factors in a critical way so as to reduce the effects on memory blindness as this ensures the person is losing hope and confidence in their life. The causes are in need to be adequately analysed based on the mental stability of the person that varies differently in different persons and the treatment measures should be framed accordingly.

The role of attention and perception

Attention and perception tend to play an important role in the formation of memory and are liable to affect an individual’s ability to recall the details or any task in an accurate way. Attention and perception need to be examined as they may contribute to memory blindness. This can also provide limitations to the insights into human memory (Hou et al. 2020). The attentional process determines that the information is processed and encoded into the memory whereas the perpetual process looks after the ways the information is encoded in the memory.

These factors are influencing the accuracy of the memory by measuring the depth of the process and the amount of information processed in the memory. An individual, if distracted or failed to encode the important details in the process during the encoding process of the memory, led to inaccuracy or memory loss. Similarly, if an individual is receiving any information that is biased or incomplete, then their way of behaving towards the encoding process may be incomplete or inaccurate (Hou et al. 2020). There is a need to critically evaluate the attention and perception process so that the information received by the individual will be accurate and attentive to the people.

Individual differences

The performance of the memory may vary differently in different persons. This may include age barriers, cognitive ability, and emotional state and so on. These factors can have an impact on the accuracy of the memory (Finn et al. 2020). There is a need to examine the differences among individuals for providing a better understanding of the potential limitations of memory blindness. This must be considered across different populations in different situations. Age is a key factor for older adults as they tend to experience greater memory decline or they are more susceptible to memory blindness. A person with higher cognitive ability exercises better accuracy of memory and is less prone to memory blindness.

There is a need to promote cognitive ability among people who are exercising memory blindness. This can be done by engaging the person in regular physical exercise so that they can maintain a healthy diet. Furthermore, promoting deep sleep, mindfulness and meditation will also help the individual to boost cognitive ability (Finn et al. 2020). Apart from this, the individual may be engaged in cognitive training activities that include solving puzzles and brain games. This helps them to learn new skills and have knowledge regarding different languages.

Memory retrieval process

The retrieval of memory can be influenced by different factors such as the context and the mood of the person. There is a need to improve the accuracy of memory power and it can be done by evaluating the memory retrieval process (Frankland, Josselyn & Köhler, 2019). This may include how the process can affect memory blindness and can provide insights for improving the accuracy of memory power. It can be said that memory retrieval is a process that accesses stored memories and bring them into consciousness. Furthermore, different researchers have analysed and shared the reviews that eyewitnesses can be highly susceptible to memory distortion.

Leading to questions and suggesting techniques for appearing in interviews can result in the falsification of the testimony. Thus, improving the process of retrieval will be beneficial, as it will use open-ended questions avoiding the leading or suggestive questions (Frankland, Josselyn & Köhler, 2019). This will help the individual to increase the accuracy and reliability of the eyewitness testimony.

Real-world applications

In real-world situations, memory blindness can have significant implications that may include eyewitness testimony in legal cases. There is a need to examine memory blindness and its impacts on such situations to promote insights for improving the accuracy and reliability of such a testimony. These applications have implications, particularly in the legal and criminal justice settings. It also has an impact on the accuracy and reliability of the police line-ups, as subtle cues or techniques can influence the eyewitnesses’ memory of a particular event.

Additionally, memory blindness has implications for the contexts such as medical settings where the patients may have symptoms related to the misattribution or treatments based on incorrect sources. This may lead to misdiagnosing the patient or suggesting ineffective ways of treatment that may be harmful to the patients suffering from memory blindness. There is a need to critically evaluate memory blindness so that there will be development of strategies to improve accuracy by reducing the potential impact of memory blindness on decision-making.

Implication for necessary research

Memory blindness is considered to be a complex phenomenon that needs to be researched in an accurate way to have an idea of its implications. Examining and evaluating memory blindness in a critical way may help the researchers to understand the limitations and potential biases related to memory research. This helps the researchers to develop a more accurate and reliable result. Reducing memory blindness may exercise significant implications for improving the accuracy and reliability of the human mind with respect to different real-world contexts.

The implication that will be useful is necessary for the technological and evidence-based methods to support the accuracy level of the memory. This may include video recording based on forensic treatment measures to analyse the eyewitness testimony. There should be efforts to reduce stress during the encoding process of information. The persons, who are suffering from the vulnerable condition of memory blindness, should be provided with improved cognitive ability and memory accuracy techniques to reduce the impacts.

Integrate theories and findings in explaining human behaviour and experience

Multi-disciplinary approach

Integration of theories and findings from different disciplines helps to provide a more complete understanding of memory blindness. This may include incorporating the theories from different cognitive psychological aspects, neuroscience, social psychology and legal and criminal justice (Lurje et al. 2019). These fields help to find the areas of concern and develop a more comprehensive understanding related to the matters involved in memory blindness to determine the behaviour of the person suffering from the disease. This also involves the ways by which the memory processes have an impact on eyewitness testimony and other real-world applications.

This theory is based on the idea that a comprehensive form of understanding the memory process and its implications can be integrated from the theories and findings based on different disciplines. These disciplines involve cognitive psychology, neuroscience and so on (Lurje et al. 2019). With the help of this approach, any one of the stated disciplines can explain memory blindness but not fully. A more holistic understanding can be achieved by the use of Indisciplinary collaboration. The researchers can develop a complete understanding based on the cognitive and neural mechanisms of memory blindness.

Cognitive and neural mechanism

The role of attention, perception and emotion in memory can be explained using the underlying processes of memory by integrating the cognitive and neural mechanisms. The neural networks are also present in these processes (Nguyen, Murphy & Andrews, 2019). This phenomenon is in occurrence due to the limitations that arise in the additional resources of the brain. The cognitive mechanism includes the attention selection and working related to the capacity of the memory.

The attention selection determines the attended and processed information working with the memory capacity. This also limits the amount of information held in the memory during the working process at any given time. Whereas, neural mechanisms involving the prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and hippocampus, that are underlying memory blindness. The prefrontal cortex is used in attention selection whereas; the parietal cortex is responsible for the working capacity of the memory (Nguyen, Murphy & Andrews, 2019). Apart from this, the hippocampus is responsible for the formation of long-term memories.

Real-world application

The integration of theories into real-world applications may include legal procedures and eyewitness testimony. These are used to develop evidence-based methods for reducing the problem of memory blindness by providing training to eyewitnesses so that they will be able to recall the events accurately. They will also be able to avoid suggestive questions during this process. There are several theories that have practical applications to real-world applications. One of the theories is the cognitive load theory. This theory implies that reducing the load of cognitive practices may lead to improving the performance of memory. This theory can be applied for education and training purposes to break the complex set of information into similar and manageable ways to reduce cognitive load.

The other theory that is the dual-process theory states that memory can be divided into implicit and explicit memories. The explicit memory can be recalled deliberately as it comes under the consciousness of the mind whereas the implicit memory can influence the behaviour of an individual without creating any awareness as it comes under the unconscious or subconscious mind. This theory can be used to influence consumer behaviour in the field of marketing with the use of implicit memory.

Interdisciplinary collaboration

There is a need to have Indisciplinary collaborations between the researchers, practitioners and legal professionals to integrate the theories and findings based on different fields of concern. This will help in promoting a better understanding of memory blindness and its implication by bridging the gap between the different fields of concern (Moirano, Sánchez & Št?pánek, 2020). These approaches are used to develop interventions and strategies that are useful for reducing memory blindness by improving the accuracy of memory in real-world settings. The theory that can be exercised in the study of memory blindness is the social-cognitive theory that is used to emphasise the role of social factors leading to shaping cognitive processes.

Collaborating with scientists who are focused on the social context help in understanding the interpersonal relationships that influence the attention and memory of an individual. Another theory that can be considered is the cognitive neuroscience theory that states the role of neural mechanisms in the process related to cognitive activities (Moirano, Sánchez & Št?pánek, 2020). Collaboration with the neuroscientist helps to generate insights based on the neural attention and memory of an individual determining the interactions of the different brain regions to produce memory blindness.

Conclusion

It can be said that memory blindness refers to the phenomenon that reduces the thinking capacity of humans, as they are unaware of the limitations and fallibility of their own memory and its implications. It may have serious consequences leading to overconfidence in the recollection of events that may be termed as negative as it is the conviction of innocent individuals. Overall, it is necessary to recognise the potential for memory biases for implementing strategies to mitigate the impacts. The impacts may include the use of corroborating evidence and avoiding leading questions. There is a need to have accurate and reliable recollection by heightening the awareness in the relying process of memory to get rid of memory blindness. Furthermore, there are some of the strategies and techniques discussed in the above sections to have control over memory blindness.

References

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