Cranial Nerve Testing And Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide Assignment Sample

Cranial Nerve Testing And Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide

Need assignment writing help in the UK? Native Assignment Help is your ultimate solution. Our seasoned writers possess the expertise to craft impeccable assignments that meet the highest academic standards, guaranteeing your success.

1-Olfactory Nerve (CN I) testing:

Table 1

Table 2 (group 2)

Table 3 (group 3)

Table 4

A- There are various data are present for females and males 56,42,72, 20, etc. for vanilla in terms of the females and 64,55,78,66,62, etc. for males. A simple standard deviation method has been utilized to conduct this study.

B- There are no other investigation differences that are primarily present in the identification of distance and there has been used standard deviation as the statistical method.

2-Optic Nerve (CN II) testing

A-Color vision- According to Ishihara's test for the exact fact of the color deficiency, it includes 38 plates. This is the most identified and also renowned color-blind test. Each and every test permissively consists of the fact of various type of set in terms of the colors printed or fitted plates that commonly shows a various number of path. This is the most identical and also widely utilized vision in terms of color that is primarily involved in the fact of the deficiency tests and also quite utilized for accumulating and also quite identified as the prospect of ophthalmologists and optometrists all over the world (Biousse et al. 2022). There are various types of other factors that are also present in the prospect of the fact of different types of color blind facts and tests that are also available along with the fact of various famous plates of this test. This is primarily known and also identified as the prospect of various types of struggled matter along with this test apart from that, it also accumulates the promotion and the essential matter of the identical prospect for the plates are commonly quite utilized for the essence of the absence along with much better facts for the affordable color in terms of the vision test facts. In this group practical of three individuals, the following results between those three individuals are 12, 57, and 74 accordingly. Among all, it can be primarily can be said, from the valuable responses that Camron scored high among those three participants of the entire group of individuals. Camron has easily identified the colored properties that have been shown to him. On the other hand, the other two participants Rabia and Emily scored 12 and 57 accordingly. Therefore it can be identified that the result of Camron is quite appropriate for the matter of identification among all. Apart from that, along with this test, it also can be identified that there is no blindness among these three participants.

Figure 1: Types of Optic Nerve

B-visual fields- In this test, the subjects have to completely cover one eye with the help of their hand. On the other hand, individuals have to identify and also introduce a portion of the stimuli like finger counting in the factor of each of the quadrants respectively. The previous matter also involved the prospect of the fact of the upper & lower parts of the temporal and upper & lower parts of the nasal. After that, it has to be repeated on the other eye as well (Altena et al. 2020). According to this procedure, the three participants or subjects are primarily proceeding with their abilities. In this case, it has been identified that the factor of the result permissively explains that Camron and Rabia perform well among all. The result of Rabia is entirely perfect and also appropriate for the test. Besides the result of Camron is also quite proper for the test. They both identified well and also responded well according to the major procedure of the practical.

Figure 2: Healthy and damaged optic nerve

C- Visual acuity- The factor of the test in terms of visual acuity permissively involves an essential procedure that has to be followed by the subjects. In this procedure, have to entirely cover one eye from the most relevant distance of almost 6 meters or approximately 20 feet, and after that, the individual has to look and read a specific line. After completing the entire procedure individuals have to do it with another eye. Along with this procedure, there are various results have been commonly coming out in this practical assessment (Boyke et al. 2021). The first subject or participant Rabia read quite well and prominent in terms of the fact of the relevant lines along with her left eye. On the other hand, Rabia missed various or a couple of lines in the right eye. Due to, this result it can be primarily identified that the result of the visual acuity of subject 1 Rabia is quite identical. The response to the second subject Camron is quite easy and flow able in reading the lines along with his right eye. He was permissively able to identify and also read 1 or two lines quite easily. On the other hand, he missed various or even a couple of letters from the right eye. The result of the left eye is quite identical because he identified line numbers 1, 2, and 3 accordingly along with the left eye. Therefore, from the entire research work on visual acuity, it can be permissively identified according to the respective result that the visual acuity of Rabia and Camron both is quite identical and proper with the left eye.

Figure 3: Types of Visual acuity

3- Oculomotor, Trochlear & Abduces (CN III, IV & VI) testing:

This essential procedure involves various movements in terms of the eyes and fingers. This procedure permissively explains that individuals or subjects have to keep their eyes entirely open and then follow the finger that has held almost about a matter away. Examiners have to move around the finger in front of the subjects in a specific and large pattern of H during this procedure subject or individual will be asked if any kind of double vision perspective is primarily identified at any kind of the generic point. This technique examiner has to use for every group individual. Along with this procedure, the essential perspectives of the relevant test involves various type of result that has been properly analyzed (Lenaers et al. 2021). The first subject Camron has responded well in the fact of the reading ability. His eyes primarily accumulate and also followed the factor of the essential movement of the finger. Because of this reason, it can be said that the factor of the muscles is entirely working prominently. On the other hand, the second subject Rabia commonly responded to identify the factor of movement of the fingers accordingly but she kind of recognized it. Therefore, along with the relevant result of the entire research practical, it can be permissively said that eye muscles are quite healthy for both the individual Camron and Rabia. In this paper, the inferior rectus muscle has been tested for research analysis.

4- Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) testing

A-Sensory component-

This factor of the practical permissively involves another essential procedure. This procedure primarily asked the individual or the subject to completely close their eyes. After that the examiner has to identify and also recognize the three essential divisions in terms of the trigeminal factor of nerves that has commonly and also separately is presented on both sides of the human face. Along with this kind of procedure, the relevant responses have been recorded respectively. The first subject Camron primarily felt the sensation of the cotton bud and also said yes during the time he was asked about the sensation or the feeling. After the second subject or the individual Rabia felt the object of cotton bud during the procedure of identifying and also checking the trigeminal nerve. Along with this procedure, it has been prominently and permissively explained, and also analyze the factor of the trigeminal nerve in the proper proportion of the face (Bong et al. 2019). Therefore, it can be said that in terms of the variation between the two individuals are quite identical and also appropriate. The responses of the trigeminal nerve among the two subjects are quite effective and identical. Both the individual felt the object (cotton bud) and also responses according to the asked questions of the examiners.

Figure 4: Types of Trigeminal nerve

B-Motor component: This factor of the procedure primarily involves that, examiner to say the subjects to clench or relaxed their teeth. After that, the examiner has to identify, examine and also palpate the factor of the masseter, muscles, and temporal muscles. Along with this procedure, the subjects have primarily responded accordingly to the examiner. The first individual of the first subject Camron, the movement was quite similar or equal from both sides of the face (Seeliger et al. 2022). Another subject or individual Rabia’s movement was also quite accurate or similar on both sides. Therefore, from the entire responses, it can be permissively identified that both the individuals and the subjects have primarily accumulated accurate or similar movements on both sides.

The divisions of the trigeminal nerve involve- mandibular nerves, ophthalmic verve, and maxillary nerves. The factor of the trigeminal nerve primarily exists and is also identified as the fact of the brainstem from the identical pons and branches, which is primarily divided into three essential sections that agave commonly accumulated and also supply the factor of the middle, the upper, and lower portion of the face. The interventions are commonly involved the essential factor of the trigeminal nerve that commonly provides both the sides of the motor and sensory factor of the innervations to the face. Apart from that, the portion of the sensory facts in terms of the information primarily conducted and also accumulated along with the fat of various types of nerves involves the proper proportion of the temperature, pain, and touch (Blitz et al. 2018). The factor trigeminal nerve is primarily the most large and most difficult or complex portion in terms of the cranial nerves (CNs). This primarily supplies various types of sensations to the area of mucous membranes, face, and different types of other areas or places in the structure of the head. This is quite essential; in terms of the motor factor of the nerve for the essential matter of mastication of muscles that permissively contain various types of proprioceptive fibers.

Figure 5: Division of Trigeminal Nerve

5-Facial Nerve (CN VII) testing:

This proportion of the test primarily involved five essential factors in terms of the essential ability of motor components. This procedure involves various types of effective facts that say, different types of factors that have been commonly recorded and also accumulated through orb across the individuals in the group of individuals. The first point involves the procedure of raising eyebrows and also creasing the forehead. Along with this procedure, Camron did it with both the accrued and similar side respondents and the other subject or the individual Rabis response was quite low from the left eye. The second point involves that subjects have to shut their eyes against the factor of resistance. In this part, Camron is identified as the major factor showing the resistance in both eyes. The other subject or individual, Rabia also showed resistance to both the yes. The third point has shown that subjects have to whistle, in this case, both the subjects Camron and Rabia whistled (Christopher et al. 2020). The fourth point says, the subject to identify and also blow the balloons. According to this factor again both the subject responded accordingly. Now, the last and fifth points say that subjects have to smile, reveal their teeth and also grimace. This procedure involves accurate and also appropriate responses from both the individual Camron and Rabia both respond accordingly and also prominently. There are no abnormalities are found in their respective facial expression.

6- Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) testing:

This section primarily involves the factors of testing the Vestibulocochlear nerve. In this procedure, the examiner has to tap the factor of the probing gently on the essential basis of the fact of the palm of the hands and press it together softly that primarily releasing the effective matter of the sense of vibration. On the other hand, it involves the factor of placing and also running the fork on the scalp of the subject over the position of the vortex (Thomas et al. 2019). This procedure involves various results according to the analysis. The result has been collected along with the procedure of recording the hearing on both sides. For the first subject, Cameron’s ambiance was quite noisy and also really inappropriate in that he can feel the prospect of the vibration but he was unable to hear anything. On the other hand, the second subject Rabia, hears from both sides and feels the factor of vibration and also hears the sound. Therefore, from the entire procedure of the analysis, it can be permissively said that both the feelings and hearing procedures are fine and prominent.

Table 5

(Table 6) Group 2

(Table 7) Group 3

Table 5: Air vs bone conduction

The above-mentioned data structure in terms of the fact of air condition vs bone condition explains various types of factors. Different types of values are permissively recorded from the variance of air and bone conduction in terms of the two gender. Along with the help of this chart, it can be permissively explained and also showed that the factor of bone conduction is quite low rather than the fact of air conduction in terms of the female gender. The score of the male gender is quite high in terms of bore conduction. On the other hand, the air conduction in terms of females scored high as well as low in air conduction and the scores of males are also equally identified as high than the females in terms of bone conduction. To identify the suitable method that is permissively utilized to analyze air and bone conduction is the Rinne test. The physiological explanation for identifying the differences is- the vibrations along with the fact of compressing the factor of the bony case in terms of the inner ear that permissively stimulates the sensory factor of cells that are included in identifying and also perceiving the sound.

7-Spinal Accessory (CN XI) testing

This entire research procedure involves shutting the shoulders against the factor of moderate resistance in terms of the downward factor. The first subject, Rabia responds quite well to the fact of resistance. The second subject Camron also responds well to the fact of resistance.

A- The picture of 7a primarily said that the fact of identifying the factor of the shoulder both are equally resistant. Besides, the picture of 7b explains that the force is primarily present on both sides of each subject.

8- Self-reflection

Long with the help of various types of essential tests in terms of the nervous system, can reflect various important and crucial information about the human body and the essential functions of the nervous system. The proceedings of the test are quite ideal to recognize the internal factors of one individual the method of data collection is also quite prominent according to the said data security. The part of table 5 involves various type of data structure that permissively gives the essential responses for the matter of air and bone conduction. Along with the help of these structural data sets, it is easier to conduct and also differentiate the factors of various inequalities in terms of the bone and air conduction that has been present for both genders (female and male). Along with the help of excel the prominent data structure of the differentiation has been conducted according to the fact of relevant data (Farah, 2018). On the other hand, the various divisions or types of trigeminal nerve permissively involve the mandibular nerve, ophthalmic and maxillary nerve. This type of various essential information has been conducted in this research paper. Different types of essential and valuable skills agave permissively been gained along with the help- of this session that involved data handling, various type of practical skills, etc. Therefore, it can be permissively stated that the factor of reflection of this research assessment is primarily quite effective and also essential.

Reference list

Journals

Almubarak, H., Bazi, Y. and Alajlan, N., 2020. Two-stage mask-rcnn approach for detecting and segmenting the optic nerve head, optic disc, and optic cup in fundus images.Applied Sciences,10(11), p.3833.

Altena, E., Baglioni, C., Espie, C.A., Ellis, J., Gavriloff, D., Holzinger, B., Schlarb, A., Frase, L., Jernelöv, S. and Riemann, D., 2020. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID?19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT?I Academy.Journal of sleep research,29(4), p.e13052.

Biousse, V., Danesh-Meyer, H.V., Saindane, A.M., Lamirel, C. and Newman, N.J., 2022. Imaging of the optic nerve: technological advances and future prospects.The Lancet Neurology.

Blitz, A.M., Northcutt, B., Shin, J., Aygun, N., Herzka, D.A., Theodros, D., Goodwin, C.R., Lim, M. and Seeburg, D.P., 2018. Contrast-enhanced CISS imaging for evaluation of neurovascular compression in trigeminal neuralgia: improved correlation with symptoms and prediction of surgical outcomes.American Journal of Neuroradiology,39(9), pp.1724-1732.

Bong, J., Ness, J.P., Zeng, W., Kim, H., Novello, J., Pisaniello, J., Lake, W.B., Ludwig, K.A., Williams, J.C., Ma, Z. and Suminski, A.J., 2019. Flexible, multichannel cuff electrode for selective electrical stimulation of the mouse trigeminal nerve.Biosensors and Bioelectronics,142, p.111493.

Boyke, A.E., Naidu, I., Lam, S., Alvi, M.A., Bader, E.R. and Agarwal, V., 2021. Medical malpractice and trigeminal neuralgia: an analysis of 49 cases.Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,79(5), pp.1026-e1.

Christopher, M., Bowd, C., Belghith, A., Goldbaum, M.H., Weinreb, R.N., Fazio, M.A., Girkin, C.A., Liebmann, J.M. and Zangwill, L.M., 2020. Deep learning approaches predict glaucomatous visual field damage from OCT optic nerve head en face images and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness maps.Ophthalmology,127(3), pp.346-356.

Farah, M.J., 2018. Socioeconomic status and the brain: prospects for neuroscience-informed policy.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,19(7), pp.428-438.

Knöpfel, T. and Song, C., 2019. Optical voltage imaging in neurons: moving from technology development to practical tool.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,20(12), pp.719-727.

Lenaers, G., Neutzner, A., Le Dantec, Y., Jüschke, C., Xiao, T., Decembrini, S., Swirski, S., Kieninger, S., Agca, C., Kim, U.S. and Reynier, P., 2021. Dominant optic atrophy: Culprit mitochondria in the optic nerve.Progress in Retinal and Eye Research,83, p.100935.

Noma, N., Ozasa, K. and Young, A., 2021. Altered somatosensory processing in secondary trigeminal neuralgia: A case report.Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society,21(3), p.308.

PAIN, O., 2022. Secondary trigeminal neuralgia diagnosed in orofacial pain setting as epidermoid tumor.Quintessence International,53(7), pp.624-630.

Seeliger, T., Gehlhaar, M.A., Oluwatoba-Popoola, I., Konen, F.F., Haar, M., Donicova, E., Wachsmann, M., Pielen, A., Gingele, S., Prenzler, N.K. and Ernst, D., 2022. Trigeminal Nerve Affection in Patients with Neuro-Sjögren Detected by Corneal Confocal Microscopy.Journal of Clinical Medicine,11(15), p.4484.

Slaby, J. and Choudhury, S., 2018. Proposal for a critical neuroscience. InThe Palgrave handbook of biology and society(pp. 341-370). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Thomas, M.S., Ansari, D. and Knowland, V.C., 2019. Annual research review: Educational neuroscience: Progress and prospects.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,60(4), pp.477-492.

Vaidya, A.R., Pujara, M.S., Petrides, M., Murray, E.A. and Fellows, L.K., 2019. Lesion studies in contemporary neuroscience.Trends in cognitive sciences,23(8), pp.653-671.

Williams, P.R., Benowitz, L.I., Goldberg, J.L. and He, Z., 2020. Axon regeneration in the mammalian optic nerve.Annu Rev Vis Sci,6, pp.195-213.

Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.F., Yoo, H.J., Qian, H. and Wu, H., 2020. Neuro-inspired computing chips.Nature electronics,3(7), pp.371-382.