Enhancing Recovery: Nursing Staff and Post-Operative Patient Education
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Introduction: Enhancing Recovery: Nursing Staff and Post-Operative Patient Education
Background
The identified topic refers to the provision of health education by nursing staff to patients after the post-operative system. The primary responsibility of post-operative nursing staff refers to the promotion of clients' recovery after the surgery by managing their pain and supporting the patients by providing oxygenation and cardiovascular stability (Poghosyan & Maier, 2022). This is followed by maintaining the patient's fluid balance, providing proper care to treat the operative wounds, and monitoring their bowel function. It also includes assisting the patients with their mobility as well as continuing the care process with the aim of preventing further complications for the patients in post-operative care approach (Iliff et al., 2022). The primary education given to the patient by the nurse in the post-operative section refers to keeping the wounds clean and dry and managing appropriate dressing without damaging the wounds. It also includes reducing the chance of removing paper strips on visible sutures and reapplying ace wrap to controlling further swelling of the wounds (Manworren, 2022).
While patient education is considered an essential component that helps with increasing self-management adherence and satisfactions in care aspects, it also associates nursing staff to assist the patient with their plan of care alongside identifying and managing potential complications with the aim of reducing readmission in hospital (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023a). Effective patient education by nursing staff also uses challenges from the patient side in regards to illness and hospitalisation, improving the overall health outcome. On the other hand, while addressing the role of nurses towards providing proper education, approximately 54.2% of nursing staff have good knowledge alongside a favourable attitude for 60.4% and improved practices for 56% to teach the patients on pain management, as well as increased care association towards patience to improve the overall outcome (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023b).
While addressing the effectiveness of the health education by the nursing staff on post-operative patients, it can be stated that approximately 84% of patients agreed to access the education and willingly participate in planning the recovery programme conducted by the nursing staff (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023b). In addition, approximately 94% of scheduled patients started their educational programme on the day of surgery and to a law of 68% while addressing their recovery rate on day 5 (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023a). This also includes the average completion rate by the patient to access health education for approximately 59% of total patients, and 68% of the total patients were males who had attended the overall educational programme by the nurses (Hawthorne et al., 2022).
Scope
While the traditional post-operative care approach is given to patients in pamphlet form, the system is changing by including mobile applications to increase accessibility. The scope of the identified assignment refers to self-management and promotion of recovery progress quickly with the association of post-operative nursing staff, along with lowering the risk of complications and readmission in the hospital (Manworren, 2022). Approximately 76% of the patients have been readmitted to the UK due to post-surgical complications (Pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023). The educational aspect is a potential compound to help nursing staff plan the recovery programme with patients while involving them in educational programmes to reduce the chances of complications and readmission.
Literature: Search strategy and review
Patients undergoing surgery and hospitalisation are required to receive post-discharge education on the information that impacts their recovery with the help of post-operative nursing staff. This is followed by transforming the patient experience while promoting faster recovery with the aim of shorter hospitalisation for the patient (Collaco et al., 2022). The implementation of direct nurse patient contacts helps to reduce the admission of patience while improving self-management with the help of healthcare professionals. However, lack of support as well as insecurity after operational transition from hospital to home is considered a complicated process which requires the promotion of self-care by using ethical implementation and supporting aspects (Chhaba & Sharma, (2022). While supporting empowerment and autonomy is impactful for the patient to increase their rate of recovery, the financial implications of this factor in the healthcare sector associates professional responsibility of nurses to prepare patients for managing self-care, and patient education plays a crucial role in making health-related decisions.
"The use of strengthening the reporting of observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)" guidelines is effective to address observational information on a patient's recovery rate or readmission in post-operative stage (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023c). Besides, the use of “Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)" is also important because it helps nursing staff educate patients on emergency surgical settings, “patient optimisation prior to admission, minimum fasting time along with the process of anaesthesia, return to normal diet,” and continuing day-to-day activities (Stenberg et al., 2022). These two guidelines are effective in reducing the rate of readmission among patients and increasing patient involvement while dealing with the operative stage. This also helps with formation of potential questions in the form of “usefulness of nurse reduction on post-operative patients while reducing the rate of readmission and post-operative complications”.
Methodology
Database description
PubMed is considered a reliable and highly authoritative search engine; it also allows users to access information on medical and health fields while addressing relevant results on the basis of biomedical and life science-based literature with authentic citations and abstracts (Pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023). The Cochrane library is considered a significant database that provides high-quality independent research evidence on the basis of healthcare decision making as well as accessing information on systematic review or meta-analysis on medical research (Cochrane Library, 2023). This is followed by using CINAHL, an EBSCO based operational search engine which is contemplated to play a crucial role for accessing full-text PDF alongside journal, peer-reviewed context, and open access of allied health information as well as biomedical and nursing journals (Ebsco, 2023b). On the other hand, the use of EBSCO helps with accessing information from e-journals, magazines and e-books and discovering service based medical subjects (Ebsco, 2023a). ProQuest is an important engine here as it helps with accessing information in regards to intuitive online research concepts along with government registered information (Proquest, 2023). Apart from that, Google Scholar is also used to search information as it helps with accessing free information and metadata on different journals and articles (Scholar.google, 2023).
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
This criterion is implied in the case of identifying suitable information on the basis of a given study subject in a consistent, reliable, uniform, and objective manner (Franzen et al., 2022). While the inclusion criteria are significant in addressing the characteristics of suitable information for the research context, the exclusion criteria shed light on the removable characteristics of the information.
For the following context, the inclusion criteria refer to the selection of English-language-based literatures, journals and full-text PDFs with peer-reviewed journals. This is followed by collection of information on the basis of health education given by the nurses to post-operative patients, while focusing on the narrative-based information. In addition, the past five years of information have been prioritised while focusing on collecting information. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria are based on the removal of non-English articles, unauthentic publications, and random articles on healthcare other than the identified subject. This is followed by excluding articles older than 5 years.
Prisma
The implementation of "preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA)" helps with accessing information while maintaining transparency in the research process (Abusaada & Elshater, 2022). The checklist for this research refers to the presence of study title along with abstract as well as introduction along with methodological aspects, results and discussions while addressing finding lists in information. This also includes detailed descriptions of covering inclusion and exclusion criteria on the basis of the identified checklist in order to manage transparency and access desired outcome in research.
Critical appraisal
The concept of critical appraisal refers to the systemic process that helps with examining research evidence with the aim of judging its trustworthiness along with the overall value relevant to the overall research process (Long et al. 2020). While the primary context of critically appraising a research subject relies on rapid appraisal along with evaluation, synthesis and recommendation; it also helps with determining the overall study strengths and weaknesses. There are several tools that can be used to complete critical appraisal and for the following "critical assessment of structure prediction (CASP)" is implied. This is a series of checklists that helps with evaluating research studies and for the following, these questions are answered to get a grasp of the context.
Q. 1. What is the rationale of the study?
The rationale of the following study refers to the provision of health education by the nursing staff to post-operative patients. This is followed by addressing the study materials in the form of post operative activities, diet, returning to normal activities, self-management, continuing medication and treating wounds by the patients themselves. The primary rationale of health education refers to increasing awareness among patients, reducing their stay at hospital in post-operative stage and participating in and engaging their own care approach.
Q. 2. What was the research problem and aim?
The primary research aim refers to health education postoperatively for nursing staff.
The research problem for the following context refers to the usefulness of nurse reduction on post-operative patients while reducing the rate of readmission and post-operative complications.
Q. 3. What were the attributes of the literature review, recent papers, strong evidence, a good argument, and a convincing case for change?
The primary attributes of the identified context based on literature are based on the effectiveness of health education in the postoperative stage and the role of nursing staff to educate patients while reducing their anxiety and stress and improving their care approach. However, the strength of the context relies on the positive statistics that refer to the impact of health education on patient care aspects. The adverse aspect relies on discussing the skills and knowledge of nursing staff along with educating patient families for an effective outcome. Besides, the future aspects of using this context refer to improving the care process while involving healthcare stakeholders and involving patients while managing their care in the post-operative stage by involving families.
Q. 4. What type of research methodology was employed?
For the following context, a qualitative method has been followed by accessing existing information on the identified research subject. The implementation of grounded theory is effective in this context as it helps with using a variety of data sources and addressing different perspectives (Thornberg & Dunne, 2019).
Findings
While addressing the findings, it can be stated that:
Patient's perspective on health education
Receiving follow-up instruction alongside a clear medication direction is effective for patience to manage their postoperative stage. This also helps them to maintain their condition at home without leading to a surgical site infection after being discharged (Jaleta et al., 2021). Even though this factor is capable of putting a burden on patients at home due to not being educated on health aspects and managing the post-operative stage, it also leads to patient readmission in hospital at the same time. This factor is effective in increasing a patient's anxiety and stress while going through the same situation in the postoperative stage. However, using health monitoring concepts by nurses and convenient follow-up classes increases awareness among patients on health management at home upon discharge (Kreem & Hamza, 2019). This factor leads to reducing post-discharge anxiety and minimising the risk of wound infection, as well as adverse drug impacts that are effective in increasing the rate of hospitalisation.
Role of nurses on health education
From the findings, it was also found out that qualified nurses with effective skills and knowledge discharged patients on public health issues and continuity of care, which led to the impact of health outcomes in the postoperative stage (Bmcnurs.biomedcentral, 2023). This also results in improving the training aspect of nurses and writing project work on individual patient care studies that helps them understand the process of care in the home environment and prepare the patients for discharge. However, it was also identified that the implementation of this performance is based on hospital policy restrictions and could lead to compounding discharge patience issues (Gao et al. 2020).
Potential implications for practice
Discuss the possible impact of your key findings
The majority of findings shed light on the reduction of the overall length of hospital stay after the operation, along with reduction of the rate of postoperative complications as well as adverse incidents (Umuhoza et al. 2019). Approximately 134 million adverse incidents happen in hospitals due to post surgical complications, along with the resulting death of 2.6 million people (Bmcnurs.biomedcentral, 2023).
This is followed by reduction in overall psychological stress among patients, along with them experiencing less anxiety. The health education provided by nurses in postoperative care has a positive impact on patient safety while delivering quality care and essential hospital services (Mosa & Shehata, 2019). Besides, it also has a positive impact on engaging patients with their own care plan, which improves communication between healthcare providers and patients and has significant impact on health outcomes.
Describe how you could share your findings to key stakeholders
The national patient safety strategy and the classic top-down approach to policy making are important concerns of stakeholders in the UK, which also require the continuation of improving patient safety and quality care services (Shi et al., 2021). Therefore, it can be stated that sharing the identified information required to access information on regular surveys while emphasising patients and exploring their concerns regarding the operational care approach. This also includes consulting with a large group of stakeholders with the aim of increasing success of the practice implementation (Rafeeqi & Pearson, 2021).
Identify recommendations which could be made based on your findings
While recommending for the identified subject, it can be stated that pre- and post operative education by the nurses for patients is capable of effectively reducing stress along with pain and anxiety (Padmanaban et al., 2021). It is also based on finding an observational checklist along with the pain assessment sheet for 12 hours postoperatively as well as four weeks post discharge. However, it is also important to educate the families about postoperative care while consulting with patients to assess the best outcome. This would help patients engage with post management care and understand the care approach thoroughly with adequate skills and knowledge. In addition, assessing nursing staff knowledge and practice skills while collecting updated information is also important.
Explore how these recommendations could be facilitated or constrained from being implemented in your practice area
These recommendations could be facilitated in healthcare by strengthening the implementation of policies regarding the training of nursing staff to educate patients in the pre- and postoperative periods. This is followed by the involvement of stakeholders in the operational part, which is considered a significant step for improving the overall policymaking process and covering the cost effectiveness of the identified context. Besides, the openness mentality of patients and families plays a crucial role while implying the role of education on patients.
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Conclusion
In terms of concluding the overall context, it can be stated that the essay is based on the identification of effectiveness of health education by nursing staff towards postoperative patients. The essay has successfully discussed policies and role of nursing staff while improving the conditions of patients and reducing postoperative complications. Besides, this essay has successfully addressed the methodological aspect in the form of collecting information by using scientific databases and search engines, as well as inclusion and exclusion techniques alongside PRISMA charts, which are effective in accessing suitable information for the study context. Besides, the findings are discussed relating to the healthcare sector, along providing significant recommendations.
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