Quality improvement in Parkinson's disease medication process is important for maintaining the medication time because patients need medicines at the exact time. Inefficiency in time maintenance can cause major issues in patients' lives and that is discussed in this essay for better knowledge about the importance and the process of improvement. There are 4 chapters in this essay and every chapter is effective in discussing every part properly. Chapter 1 is the Introduction and it has a brief knowledge of Parkinson's Disease and the importance of quality maintenance in medication time for patients. Chapter 2 is Literature Review and which has detailed knowledge of articles that are related to medication for Parkinson's Disease patients and chapter 3 is a Methods & evaluation plan and which has details of the process of data collection and completion of the essay. Chapter 4 is the Conclusion and it has a brief discussion of the findings and knowledge that is gathered about the medication process for Parkinson's Disease patients.
Parkison’s Disease is a disorder that can be seen in the brain and it causes uncontrolled movements like stiffness, shaking, and balancing. This issue is very effective for maintaining the ability to walk and talk because the brain cannot balance the movements and coordination is affected by this disease. As opined by De Faria et al. (2020), the symptoms can be seen in the early stages and they worsen over time and patients cannot walk or talk properly. Patients’ conditions can be affected badly if medication is not done in exact time and for proper treatment, this medication process must be maintained.
Figure 1: Parkinson’s Disease
The symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease are divided into 2 types and according to the types, the treatment procedure is maintained. As stated by Umemoto & Furuya, (2020), the types are motor skill symptoms and nonmotor skill symptoms and to provide the right treatment to the patients all symptoms must be analyzed. In motor skill symptoms Bradykinesia, Vocal symptoms, Rigidity and Postural instability, Tremors, Walking or Gait difficulties, and Dystonia can be seen. In nonmotor skill symptoms Mental/behavioral issues, Sense of Smell, Sweating and Melanoma, Gastrointestinal issues, and pain can be seen.
Proper medication is important for the recovery of the patients, and for that, time maintenance is required, and all medicines must be provided at an exact time. As opined by Bloem et al. (2020), the importance of quality improvement can be known with the help of analyzing the condition of the patients and the quality of treatment that is provided to Parkinson's Disease patients. The symptoms are the basis of understanding the process of treatment, and the medication time can be maintained with the analysis of the patient's condition and requirement for recovery. Healthcare professionals need to improve their practice in giving treatments to patients because the efficiency of professionals is required for improvement in healthcare, and that should be maintained for better treatment facilities. Every critical reasoning or opinion should be analysed and practiced for quality improvement, and that is important for the recovery of patients. Medication awareness must be implemented in the healthcare to maintain the services with safety, and proper treatment must be provided by the healthcare professionals. The services can be effective for maintaining on-time medications for Parkinson's disease, and that is important for the development of quality of healthcare services.
Figure 2: Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
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Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is the professional experience that can be gathered through knowledge, judgement, critical reasoning, and critical expert opinion. This is a very important part of the medical profession because this practice has the efficiency of recovering patients and giving them a better life. As stated by Seppi et al. (2019), healthcare is very important for everyone, and evidence-based practice is helpful to maintain the practical factors along with the knowledge and expert opinion. Proper practice can be effective in maintaining the capacity in giving proper treatment in healthcare and that is required for every healthcare professional. As opined by Ferreira et al. (2019), the medical department should have the knowledge of maintaining quality in healthcare using evidence-based practice and that is helpful for recovering from Parkinson's Disease. Analysis of knowledge, judgments, experts' opinions, and critical reasoning can be very effective because it helps to improve the concept and according to the detailed information of the diseases, practice can be done properly. As stated by Day & Mullin, (2021), evidence-based practice can be very useful for maintaining medication in time for Parkinson's Disease and that is useful for the patients in recovery.
Figure 3: EBP in Parkinson’s Disease
Quality in Healthcare
Healthcare quality is a very important part of providing treatments to the patients and the efficiency of the healthcare is dependent on the quality maintenance and that should be improved for better conditions of the patients. As opined by Shalash et al. (2020), healthcare facilities must be the same for every patient because the management must understand the importance of the critical condition of patients. Quality of healthcare can be improved by being efficient in providing all kinds of treatments and professionals must be qualified and practiced in giving treatments to patients. As stated by Zhao et al. (2021), every related factor must be analysed to identify the factors that can cause issues in providing treatment and to maintain the quality healthcare authorities should give focus on development in technology implementation and medical professionals must be efficient enough to maintain the treatment process with required facilities. As opined by Damman et al. (2019), many issues can be seen in the treatment process of patients and that must be removed for maintaining the quality of healthcare and that can be beneficial for the patients. Parkinson's Disease causes issues in walking and talking and medication has to be done at the exact time for proper recovery and professionals must be effective enough in providing medication with efficiency.
Figure 4: Quality in Healthcare of Parkinson’s Disease
Quality Improvement (QI)
Quality improvement in healthcare and medical services is important to maintain a proper treatment process and that should be present in every healthcare because patients can get proper treatment from healthcare and medical professionals. As stated by Jin et al. (2020), services and safety measurements must be effective for patients because patients can be recovered from their illnesses with the help of efficient healthcare, its facilities, and services. All these facilities must be present in healthcare because it helps to improve the treatment process and that is required for the better health condition of patients. Proper quality maintenance can be effective in providing facilities to patients and all types of treatments can be given to patients according to their requirements. Medical professionals should be polite and efficient in their work and that is important for making improvements in patients' sickness.
Parkinson’s Disease is a brain disorder and this illness can be very effective for patients if the treatment is not being done properly. Medication has to be done at the exact time because it is required for improving the current condition of the patients and according to the patients’ health the treatment facilities must be provided by the healthcare. As opined by Pereira et al. (2019), medical professionals can improve the quality of healthcare and to maintain good treatment services and facilities healthcare authorities must recruit qualified and experienced doctors and nurses. The practices must be done with efficiency because it can be helpful to improve the current condition of patients and better treatment facilities can be provided. Improvement in quality is a very important part of healthcare because patients' lives are dependent on the services which are provided by the healthcare. Medication awareness should be given by the healthcare because it helps to improve the knowledge about the importance of effective healthcare and medical professionals.
Services with safety are required in every healthcare and the behaviour of medical professionals must be polite because it reflects an impact on the emotional factor of patients and that should be maintained properly. Parkinson's Disease is very critical for patients to get over with and the medication process for this disease has to be done at the exact time and that is required for the recovery of patients. Healthcare is the main factor in providing treatments and that can be beneficial for the patients in recovery from diseases and the professionals' efficiency must be maintained properly. As stated by Santos et al. (2019), Parkinson's Disease can be cured by a time medication process and an improved healthcare department can be effective in maintaining the medication process at the exact time and that is required for patients. Proper analysis of the requirements of patients is important for the identification of the factors that need improvement and the quality of healthcare services can be maintained.
Chapter 2: Literature review
Reviewing the Literature
Inclusion
Exclusion
Full accessed PDF
Newspaper articles and journals
Last 5 year
UK English language
Author , DOI, and publication house
Biassed or any related articles
Blog writings
Older than 5 years
Non-English or English language
Un-valuable publication or journal
Table 2: Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Search strategy
PRISMA framework
The literature review is made with different articles and for that 110 articles are collected. The analysis of articles shows duplicates or inappropriate articles for this discussion and 105 articles are rejected and the most effective 5 articles are analyzed for this report.
Database search
Search terms
Date assessed
Number of studies identified
Number of studies excluded
Selected studies for more elaboration
Limit to the number of years and language
PubMed
Importance of administering timed medication for patients with Parkinson's disease
29.03.2023
32
31
1
Upto 5 years
Google scholar
Administering timed medication for patients with Parkinson's disease, by implementing a medication awareness nurse champion
29.03.2023
35
32
3
Upto 5 years
Proquest
Quality improvements to increase medical awareness of the importance of administering timed medication
29.03.2023
43
42
1
Upto 5 years
Table 3: Data Reviewing Table
Methods
Factors
And
Or
Importance of administering timed medication
Effectiveness of administering timed medication
Benefits of administering timed medication
Quality improvements to increase medical awareness
Process to increase medical awareness
Requirement of quality improvements to increase medical awareness
Administering timed medication for patients with Parkinson’s disease
Patients with Parkinson’s disease
Importance of administering timed medication for patients
Implementation of a medication awareness nurse champion
Importance of a medication awareness
Effectiveness of a medication awareness in nurse champion
Table 4: Bullion table
Literature Review
Article 1: "Understanding support systems for Parkinson's disease management in community settings: A cross?national qualitative study"
Aim: To understand the impact of healthcare facilities on the public and the responsibilities of healthcare professionals to provide services for mitigating the health issues of Parkinson's disease. This study also focuses on the role of the stakeholders in implementing an efficient management approach of the organizations to develop an integrated Care facility for PD patients.
Objectives: To develop an approach to establishing efficient healthcare management by collaborating with other organizations for dealing with critical health issues of Parkinson's disease
Methods: Mixed method is followed to conduct semi-structured interviews across health institutes in the UK, Denmark, and Spain. The qualitative study is based on the inferences being observed from the policies of NHS and the healthcare professionals from reputed healthcare institutions.
Findings: The number of patients receiving the diagnosis with Parkinson's disease are expanding in its rate on a global scale which was 8.5 million in its valuation in 2019 and is estimated to increase in its rate by 12 million by the year 2050. The NHS regulations failed in its attempt to maintain its guidelines for the care of patients due to the involvement of multiple factors which includes the high morbidity rate for people suffering from disabilities.
The research study reflects that the community support programs to support disabled people to tackle the challenges of Parkinson's disease are evolving at a steady rate. For conducting the study, a study sample has been created to conduct a semi-structured interview with a total strength of 41 healthcare professionals as well as 39 stakeholders from the healthcare domain (Soilemezi et al. 2022). The study reflects that the lack of awareness is the key issue that has been noticed in community support for PD patients. The need for training of the healthcare professionals is the primary focus of the healthcare professionals and also the management of support for the PD patients.
It was also evaluated from the findings of the study that the funding by the government to maintain the infrastructure of the healthcare institutions also played a major aspect in providing support to PD patients. The lack of skills and the proper technique for dealing with the clinical treatment of PD patients are the negative implication for providing support to the patients. The findings also relate that there is an increasing need of training resources for the development of healthcare facilities and also efficient management and utility of knowledge to mitigate the issue of miscommunication in terms of the practice implemented by the healthcare institutions. The respondents also reflected that the lack of awareness and medical support resulted in miscommunication and inefficiency of the management for maintaining a timely decision for the PD patients. Failure of maintaining the records of the patients was also observed as a part of the study. The suggested solution for reducing the gap in providing efficient care for the patients was seen to be in the form of increased collaboration of the stakeholders which includes nurses, consultants, the community support team, and the patient's family.
The collaboration of the stakeholders ensures the efficient management of time for improving the clinical facilities for the patients and also maintaining the record of the patients which reduces the scope of miscommunication in providing care services for PD patients. The respondents of the interview suggested a communication plan that would involve the collaborative approach of the stakeholders for an improved decision for the management of timely decisions and clinical procedures to be followed by the healthcare professionals. It was also revealed from the findings that the involvement of the patients is also necessary for dealing with the complexities of PD services.
The involvement of the patients increases the scope for the healthcare professionals to prefer the suitable method of diagnosis as well as mental support to cope with the illness. The role of the family carers is also extensive for providing the services to the PD patients as designing a proper care plan takes into account the role of the caregivers to manage the resources effectively for providing services to the PD patients. The strategy of healthcare institutions needs to focus on the efficient management of resources and the training of healthcare professionals through collaboration with stakeholders.
Article 2: "Quality and extent of implementation of a nurse-led care management intervention: care coordination for health promotion and activities in Parkinson’s disease (CHAPS)"
Aim: To develop an effective approach for the training of nursing professionals for providing healthcare facilities for PD patients. To understand the effectiveness of the tool and strategic framework for dealing with the communication of PD professionals as well as the self-care facilities for the professionals.
Objectives: To implement a framework for healthcare professionals to deal with the complexity of PD issues and the treatment processes as a result of the communication of healthcare professionals. The effectiveness of self-support for the professionals to develop an effective approach of providing support to the patients.
Methods: The primary research method is followed as a part of the study to conduct interviews of the healthcare professionals from VAHS. Statistical data has been covered for evaluating the electronic records of CHAPS issues. The intervention of the nursing professionals was also sourced from the medical records.
Findings: PD is a critical disease for patients which ensures that the support for the patients are an integral part of the medical facilities being curated by the healthcare professionals. The intervention of the nursing professionals is limited which is a significant challenge for maintaining the optimum support for the patients due to the variation of the healthcare facilities and resources. CHAPS tool was suggested as a part of the study by interviewing the healthcare professionals belonging to VHA medical institutions in the southwest USA (Connor et al. 2020). The assessment was conducted through a telephonic conference of the nursing professionals to discuss the key issues of management and clinical trials for the patients.
CHAPS assessment evaluated the self-care facilities for the participants being guided under the protocol of professional standards for healthcare professionals. The assessment provides consistent feedback for maintaining the timely consumption of medicines for the patients. The resources and its impact has a potential impact on the recovery of the patients as the nurse care managers implemented the protocol of the CHAPS framework. The strategic response of the tool was effective in its role to identify the critical issues and health concerns related to the inactive functioning of motor nerves and the negligence observed in the medication process.
The provision of healthcare services to minimize the risk of PD patients as well as prevention methods to deal with the contingency measures of healthcare facilities. The record-keeping process is related to the role of the nursing professionals to note the key issues of PD services and the communication approach of the professionals to provide care services to the patients. Inferences from the study also reflect that the nurse care managers need to be efficient in their role in providing suggestions as well as supporting the emotional perspective of the patients.
The telephonic interview of the participants also reflected that the management of the medical facilities for the patients is an important aspect of maintaining the clinical treatments of PD patients. The collection of data also reflects that self-support is a major aspect for the patients to deal with the complexities of PD health issues. Self-support enhances the efficiency of PD patients to recover from the critical issues of PD which also emphasizes the maintenance of notebooks for recording daily activities. The tasks for the nurse care managers include the management of resources for the patients to deal with self-support actions as well as collaborating with other healthcare professionals to implement interventions that is specific in its approach to deal with CHAPS issues.
The effective coordination of the nursing professionals are improvised to maintain the care services to the patients. The maintenance of health standards according to the CHAPS program is evaluated under the study to explore the efficiency of the management team to maintain the sequential operation as well as standardized services for facilitating healthcare services to the patients. Statistical data has been prepared under the study for recording the activities of the nurse care managers for the diagnosis of the patients.
The treatment of the patients has been graded according to the issues of the PD patients by the nurse care managers based on the CHAPS program. The personalized care facilities for the patients are based on the note-taking process of the nursing professionals to maintain the care facilities for the patients. The training of the nursing professionals is also structured for the development of care services for PD patients. The coaching program for nursing professionals is also curated for care facilities the patients.
Article 3: “Managing Parkinson’s during the COVID?19 pandemic: Perspectives from people living with Parkinson’s and health professionals. Journal of Clinical Nursing”
Aim:The aim of this research report is to understand the lifestyle of Parkinson’s Disease patients and healthcare professionals' providence of care management and healthcare services. The covid-19 pandemic situation affected healthcare services and management and in this report, the condition of the patients can be analyzed.
Methods:Qualitative research method is adopted in this research report and individual interviews of Parkinson’s Disease patients and healthcare professionals in Covid-19 are recorded. Eleven patients and ten healthcare professionals are studied from April to September 2020 for understanding the lifestyle of patients and healthcare professionals.
Findings:Parkinson’s Disease is a brain disorder and that is effective in causing issues in walking and talking and that requires help from healthcare professionals. The medication has to be maintained at the exact time because it is required for taking care of Parkinson’s Disease patients (Soilemezi et al. 2023). Healthcare services are necessary for patients’ recovery and that is important for healthcare professionals for maintaining the services and medication process at the exact time. Patients with Parkinson’s Disease cannot live their lives without outside help and healthcare services and that is important for recovering the patients from sickness.
The covid-19 pandemic situation is very effective for everyone because interaction with people has stopped and for that, patients or other people who need help from others have to suffer from difficulties. Healthcare professionals like doctors and nurses have to face major issues in getting in touch with patients who are not able to visit clinics or hospitals for treatment. This is very effective for maintaining medication and treatment in time and recovery of the patients cannot be done efficiently (Soilemezi et al. 2023). The pandemic situation is difficult for healthcare services because some patients need nurses or other healthcare professionals for daily life chores and in this situation the patients have to suffer in getting treatment and medical help.
The main two themes can be seen from the analysis of the individual interviews and the themes are helpful to understand the difficulties of patients with Parkinson’s Disease and they have to face major problems for maintaining a basic lifestyle. The first theme shows that patients with Parkinson’s Disease felt isolated and vulnerable because the Covid-19 pandemic situation has stopped their interaction with people (Soilemezi et al. 2023). Patients can not be able to get healthcare services and they have no social network for maintaining the usual activities that are required for disease care. The patients have to deal with their disease without any help from healthcare professionals or services. Few patients have to suffer from these issues but some patients have been successful in maintaining a social network in this pandemic situation and that is effective for their well-being because Parkinson’s Disease patients need help from outsiders for the medication process.
In the second theme patients and healthcare professionals have to suffer from difficulties in getting facilities from clinics and that is very effective for maintaining the treatment and medication process of Parkinson’s Disease patients at the exact time. The clinical practices are cancelled, delayed, or transformed into remote consultants and that is affecting patients’ condition and their improvement in health of patients (Soilemezi et al. 2023). Healthcare professionals are not able to maintain proper networks with some patients and as a result, they have to face difficulties in giving healthcare services and patients’ health has to suffer in getting treatments. Proper analysis of healthcare professionals' conditions and patients’ conditions can be very effective for understanding the requirement of patients in the Covid-19 pandemic situation and that is useful for improvement in patients’ healthcare services.
The pandemic situation is effective for maintaining the healthcare services that are required for Parkinson’s Disease patients and that causes major issues in the recovery process of patients’ health. The analysis is useful to maintain all development processes and that are required for giving facilities to the patients and their health issues can be minimized with the help of healthcare professionals and services (Soilemezi et al. 2023). Interaction with people is required for Parkinson’s Disease patients because they are not able to maintain proper walking or talking process and their medication should be done at the exact time. All clinics are not available for patients and treatment appointments are cancelled during the pandemic and which is effective in causing issues in patients’ health.
Article 4: “Communication gaps about OFF periods between physicians and patients with Parkinson’s disease: a patient-physician dialogue analysis. Research and Reviews in Parkinsonism”
Aim:The aim of the research report is to understand the importance of maintaining communication between physicians and patients and it is important to identify the symptoms that are present in the patients after recovery. The communication process is effective in treating the patients in the early stage and that is important for maintaining the health condition of recovered patients.
Methods:Follow-up interviews with selected physicians, patients, and caregivers are taken for data collection for this research report, and dialogues records of daily office visits are collected to understand the communication gap between patients and physicians. This analysis of records and personal interviews is helpful for understanding the impact of the communication gap in health condition maintenance.
Findings:OFF period means the return of Parkinson’s Disease symptoms and that is causing major issues in patients’ health condition and after recovery proper analysis is important because all precautions can be maintained for minimizing the impact. Proper analysis of the OFF period is important to understand the impact on health and according to the condition of patients, treatments should be provided to patients (Levit et al. 2019). Communication between patients and physician are important to maintaining all factors of treatments and the gap in communication is effective for maintaining the efficiency in treatment and that must be minimized for getting proper treatment in the OFF period. A proper discussion of Parkinson’s Disease should be maintained between patients and physicians because it can improve the health condition and on time medication can be done. Patients can gather knowledge about the OFF period and what they have to do to recover from this disease again can be known and it is required for maintaining health conditions.
Four areas are determined in the analysis that is causing the communication gap between patients and physicians and all these areas must be analysed and improved for better communication process maintenance. The first area is differences in language and it is causing major issues in patients’ health because there is no understanding between patient and physicians and conversation cannot be maintained properly (Levit et al. 2019). Language is a huge barrier in communication and that needs to be removed for a better communication process and this issue can be minimized by maintaining a standard language that is known by all. This way the communication gap for differences in language can be removed and that is important for getting treatment for the OFF period.
Another area of communication gap is patients’ knowledge about the OFF period and this is causing difficulties in understanding the importance of this disease and which can reflect an impact on maintaining health (Levit et al. 2019). Proper knowledge is effective for maintaining the discussion about the disease and that is important for health condition development and for that, all patients must gather information about the OFF period and the factors that can be affected must be known by them for a better treatment process. Every element of the OFF period must be known to all patients and discussions with physicians must be seen. The communication gap can be minimized with a detailed analysis of the OFF period and that is effective for on-time medication.
The next issue in the communication gap is differences in approach in describing the OFF period and that is reflecting an impact on communication maintenance because it can influence issues in the health condition of patients. Differences in approach are very effective because the proper concepts cannot be given and misunderstanding can be seen (Levit et al. 2019). Patients and physicians can have different concepts about the OFF period and that should be rectified with a proper discussion of every related factor because it is effective for development in the treatment process and that is required.
The last issue in the communication gap is the attitude towards management of the OFF period and that is causing major issues in getting proper treatment because every patient and physician should give importance to this disease (Levit et al. 2019). Patients’ health can be affected by this communication gap and for that, proper analysis of the management of the OFF period is required because it can develop the treatment process and on time medication can be maintained.
Article 5: “Physical activity changes and correlate effects in patients with Parkinson's disease during COVID?19 lockdown. Movement disorders clinical practice”
Aim:The objective of this research report is to understand the change in physical factors of Parkinson’s Disease patients due to the Covid-19 pandemic situation and the efficiency of self-management strategies. The usage of technology-assisted activities and subsequent clinical implication by Parkinson’s Disease patients can be known by this research report and that is effective for development.
Methods:The report is made with an examination of seventy-four patients from an Italian center and the examination is being done through an e-mail structured survey and it is effective for analyzing the difficulties that are faced by patients. The collected data is analyzed with technology-based tools and the result is determined with an understanding of clinical condition for identification of development required factors.
Findings:Physical activity is the main treatment process of Parkinson’s Disease patients and the lockdown is very effective for maintaining treatment and as a result, deficiency in patients’ health can be seen. Brain disorder is effective in maintaining daily lifestyle without any help from outsiders and this help cannot be got by patients during the lockdown and which is important for improvement in the health of patients (Schirinzi et al. 2020). Efficiency in the physical acitivities is required for improvement in Parkinson’s Disease patients and these acitivities are not available for patients in lockdown and condition of patients’ health is decreasing. Proper maintenance of medication and treatment is important because Parkinson’s Disease can be minimized with timely medication process and clinical acitivities and Covid-19 has reflected an impact on maintaining interaction with people and that is very effective in causing more issues in patients’ health.
The examination of the patients is useful to understand the condition of health of Parkinson’s Disease patients and in the Italian centre patients have to suffer from major issues in getting treatments. This analysis is effective in identification of the factors that should ve improved for increasing the efficiency of the centre. Healthcare activities and facilities should be present in every centre because situation like Covid-19 pandemic is very crucial for patients and healthcare professionals (Schirinzi et al. 2020). Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease is physical activity and medication at the exact time but due to Covid-19 pandemic situation the treatment is not provided to patients. Condition of brain had deteriorated due to this pandemic situation because physical activity is required for development in brain but Parkinson’s Disease patients are not able to maintain their physical activity properly.
The analysis of collected data shows that 60% of patient among seventy-four patients have to face major deficiency in health because the requirement of physical activities are not fulfilled by the Italian centre and that is important. In the pandemic situation the condition of patients has worsen and that is mainly happened for lack of physical activities. Patients have to suffer from major health issues and their recovery scale has decreased and that is not appropriate for a healthcare because people’s life is dependent on them (Schirinzi et al. 2020). Healthcare professionals must understand the importance of maintaining all healthcare facilities and activities for giving medicines at the exact time. Patients’ health condition was affected by the pandemic situation and healthcare professionals are not able to give facilities and services for the restriction in interaction with people.
Other patients are effective in getting physical activities through satisfactory technology assistance and that is beneficial for maintaining the medication and treatment facilities in the Covid-19 pandemic situation and that is helpful for improving the health condition of Parkinson’s Diseases patients. Usage of technology is very useful because theunavailability of physical activities by healthcare professionals’ technology can replace them and the treatment can be maintained properly. All patients are not able to get technology based physical activities because of the condition of patients’ health and that is very effective for recovery of patients and according to the ability of gettingtechnology-basedactivities patients can maintain the treatment and medication process (Schirinzi et al. 2020). Among the patients who are able to get technology-basedactivities 50% is women and that is effective for influencing others to maintain physical activities properly. Pandemic is very effective in causing difficulties in patients’ health improvement because healthcare professionals are not able to provide physical activities and all patients are not able to get technology based acitivities due to their health condition.
Conclusion
The literature review is effective for gathering information about Parkinson's Disease and the process patients should follow for getting proper treatment and on time medication. Healthcare, healthcare professionals like doctors, nurses, physicians, or caregivers, and healthcare services are important 8part for recovering from these diseases. There are elements like communication gap between patients and physicians and physical activities are important for improvement in health condition. Covid-19 has reflected a huge impact on patients' health development and to maintain the treatment process the discussion of literature review is effective.
Chapter 3: Methods and evaluation plan
Change Theory
Change theory has been considered a systematic Approach that plays a significant role in the central Quality Improvement (QI) purpose. Effective implementation of the change theory can ensure the QI process for providing effective management as well as increasing medical awareness for patients with Parkinson's disease. The change theory of nursing has been developed by Kurt Lewin who has been known as the father of social psychology. As stated by Burnes (2020), there have been identified three major stages of nursing-based change theory for implementing certain required changes.
The first stage of change theory has involved the creation of motivation as well as readiness within a team. The second stage of change theory has focused on planning as well as initiation of healthcare changes. In addition, the last and final stage of change theory has highlighted the effective implementation as well as evaluation of the organisational change. According to Lindorfer (2021), it has been argued that the implementation of the desired changes in NHS cannot be possible through the use of Lewin’s change model. Therefore, it has been illustrated from the present research paper that a more robust approach has to be developed to stimulate sustainable as well as constructive organisational changes within any healthcare.
The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Framework (PARiHS)
There are three major fundamental elements of the PARiHS Framework for achieving its key successful implementation based on promoting action within healthcare services. The three most significant predictors of this specific framework are evidence, facilitation as well as Context. This particular effective health service-based framework has been developed by “Kitson and Colleagues”. PARiHS framework has mainly been used for the effective base of empirical healthcare based on quality improvement work (Duan et al. 2022). This specific framework has been considered a conceptual framework which has been specially designed based on the identification of effective elements as well as a significant interaction based on the positive incoporation of the QI measures. As opined by Hunter et al. (2020), it has been acknowledged that the presence of a diatomic relationship among the core elements of the PARiHS framework can provide a significant explanation based on research implementation within healthcare systems.
The PARiHS framework has identified four fundamental evidence sources that include strong professional knowledge, individual patient preference and effective clinical practising guidelines along with individual health staff experiences. Successful implementation of this specific framework within healthcare services helps for better research project evaluation or taking effective QI initiatives. The presence of positive social, cultural, economic, and environmental, as well as effective leadership and collaboration is responsible for developing a dynamic healthcare organisation (Qin et al. 2020). It has been illustrated by the PARiHS framework that the effective incoporation of the QI project helps to develop a strong relationship between three primary interacting elements of the PARiHS framework. According to Bergström et al. (2020), it has stated that the nature of evidence, facilitation types as well as the quality of the context has played a regulatory role in supporting the desirable changes. Successful implementation of the three core interacting elements of this particular framework helps in the prior consideration based on incorporating effective QI measures.
It has been highlighted from critically evaluating this specific research study that the significant use of the PARiHS framework plays a beneficial role in better implementing the QI measure within the individual healthcare system. It has been reflected based on the critical synthesis of this specific framework with the help of a strong literature review section through reviewing the multiple topic-based relevant research articles from google scholar (Ritchie et al. 2022). In addition, in this present research study, the qualitative research method has been used based on identifying the finding as well as analysing part of the selected peer-reviewed article. The literature review part has clearly discussed the appropriate research rationale for significantly using the PARiHS framework within health services (Connolly et al. 2020). The presence of multiple complexities among the core elements relationship of this specific framework drops a significant impact on the effective translation of the research evidence into better healthcare practice.
Model For Improvement (MFI)
The Model For Improvement (MFI) has been developed based on the “Associates in Process Improvement (API)”. MFI has been considered a powerful tool that plays a significant role in accelerating the better improvement of a research project. API has a strong collaboration with “The Institute of Healthcare Improvement Breakthrough Series Collaborative (IHI) for effectively supporting research innovation as well as improvement of each conducting programme through various healthcare institutions (Jalilian et al. 2019). The literature review part has given a brief description based on the development of this specific model by significantly testing the QI measures within healthcare.
It has been illustrated that the successful implementation of the MFI model plays an important role in the effective changing of QI approaches in healthcare. Effective implementation of the MFI helps to provide effective guidance based on addressing the three major objectives. These include finding out the aim of this present research, and identification of producing effective improvement to get successful results outcome along with measuring the improvement or changes scenario by utilising the MFI model (Markaki et al. 2019). Effective incoporation of the MFI model plays a significant role in identification as well as well as measuring the critical appraisal of this specific research and QI studies based on the literature review.
Aim:The major aim of this improvement project is to enhance medical awareness based on administrating timed medication importance for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, this present quality improvement report has also focused on the implementation of effective medication awareness through nurses for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Change:The effective incorporation of a constructive multicomponent intervention method towards administrating timed medication to the patient with Parkinson’s disease by well-trained nurses. It has been illustrated that successful implementation of the MFI model within healthcare plays an outstanding role in increasing the medical awareness based on timed medication administration to patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Measure of change:The change being measured is the enhancement of medical awareness by healthcare nurses towards the patients with Parkinson's disease. The administrating medication history of the Parkinson's disease patients will be measured as well as collecting the last 3 days' reports from the healthcare. The primary quantitative data collection method will help to take suitable relevant steps for implementing the MFI model to improve medical awareness. The collection of baselines, as well as intervention data from healthcare based on the enhancement of medical awareness among Parkinson's disease patients based on this specific method, helps to ensure the research validity.
Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycles_500
PDSA cycle has come to the next to the MFI, implementation of this PDSA cycle along with MFI within healthcare plays a significant role to identify the organisational change. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycle has been considered a problem-solving model based on four important stages which have been used in promoting the individual healthcare process and carrying out specific changes. The effective use of the PDSA cycle plays an important role in including both external as well as internal personnel in providing effective feedback (Hamilton et al. 2022). The three major cycles of PDSA are planned to do for study the act, drawing a outline of PDSA cycle along with model for improvement.
Application of PDSA cycles
Setting and current practice
Quality improvement is important to maintain the facilities or services that are required by Parkinson’s Disease patients and that should be controlled by healthcare, the facilities are foods, drinks, physical activities, and medication. As opined by Collins et al. (2021), these facilities are required for taking care of the patients and the development of their health can be effective in improving the quality of provided services. Enough foods, drinks, and medicines are necessary items for patients and it helps to maintain their health and according to the condition of the patient, more facilities can be provided. Parkinson’s Disease reflects an impact on the brain and for that, they are not able to talk or walk without anyone’s help and which is provided by caregivers and it is effective.
Plan: Healthcare is responsible for improving the health condition of Parkinson’s Disease patients and the facilities are provided by healthcare professionals and caregivers to maintain health improvement. As stated by Kaleeva (2022), patients required medication at the exact time because it is the process of development of their health and that should be maintained with quality improvement. The factors that are related to a patient's health are maintained with efficiency, and that is useful for recovering from the disease. As opined by Neo et al. (2023), food, drink, medicine, services, and physical activities are required for the development of the patient’s health and the planning is effective in maintaining all factors and according to the patient’s health condition, the changes can be maintained.
Proper analysis of the requirement for patients’ health recovery and the services that should be provided for maintaining daily activities are developed with the planning process.
The importance of facilities and services must be analyzed to make the plan for development and healthcare so patients can get their treatment with efficiency. As stated by Okocha et al. (2022), treatment of Parkinson’s Disease is analyzed to understand the factors that are present in the treatment process and that are effective for patients to get high-quality treatment. Patients with Parkinson’s Disease are not able to talk or walk and for that, they need care services for maintaining a daily lifestyle and that is required for the development. Every patient must be taken care of properly and their physical activities must be maintained by the physicians because it can be effective for quality improvement.
Every element that is related to treatment must be analyzed to gather information about the factors that are causing issues in giving proper facilities and services to patients and their health is not getting improved. Patients should be analyzed closely by healthcare professionals because it helps to understand the factors that are improving their health condition and the factors that are causing issues in recovery and all these factors must be the basis of making the development plan. As stated by Rüggeberg & Nickel, (2022), the efficiency of healthcare is dependent on the patient’s health condition and to maintain recovery rates treatment process has to be maintained according to the patients’ health requirements. Patients can get developed a treatment with planning and for that, planning should be done with proper analysis of the factors that are needed for maintaining treatment efficiently.
Healthcare professionals' efficiency should be examined to understand the quality of service that patients are going to get from healthcare. As opined by Sugarman et al. (2021), it is necessary for the patient's health and the planning must include recruiting qualified and experienced healthcare professionals to maintain the factors that can improve the treatment quality of Parkinson’s Disease patients. Every part must be maintained properly to understand the issues and that should be rectified by the plan and the main focus should be on the medication factors because an on-time medication is required for improvement in patients’ health. Understanding about requirements of healthcare professionals is required because they are responsible for maintaining the health of the patients. Healthcare professionals and proper treatment processes are needed for the development of patients' health and the planning must be done with efficiency to maintain the main factors that are necessary for giving facilities and services to the patients and proper analysis can be effective to determine the elements properly.
Do:Patients with Parkinson’s Disease are needed to be tested daily to determine the development of their health and according to the result, improvement in treatment can be done. Quality improvement helps to maintain the factors that are effective in giving facilities and services to patients. As stated by Tan et al. (2022), the results are helpful to understand the impact of the treatment and that is important to gather information about quality improvement so patients can be treated with more effort. Tests and observation of patients’ conditions are needed to be done for understanding the importance of planning and its implementation.
Study:Test reports must be analyzed to understand the condition of Parkinson’s Disease and that can be effective in planning quality and implementation process. A proper understanding of the health of patients is the basis of the implementation and that can be increased by the quality improvement of planning. As opined by Rahunathan et al. (2023), every element needs to be developed for better healthcare management and improvement in patient health can be maintained. The test reports are the basis of the progress of treatment and that can be achieved by maintaining tests daily and analysis of the reports.
Act:Patients’ test report decides the importance of quality important in the healthcare treatment process and that is required for controlling all factors that are causing issues in patients’ health. The implementation of planning is required for the development of services and facilities that are provided to patients and that can reflect an impact on the treatment process and medication should be provided at the exact time for development in the health condition of Parkinson’s Disease patients.
Overcoming barriers to implementation
Barriers overcoming is important for development and the overcoming process is based on the identification of barriers and the ways to mitigate the issues. Implementation of strategies or plans can be effective in removing barriers but the analysis of factors related to barriers is required and that is done to maintain the medication for Parkinson’s Disease. As opined by Jagaran & Singh, (2021), the research report has been effective in understanding the barriers that are causing issues in the medication process, and the strategies that should be implemented are recognized through data collection. An evaluation plan means the development process of maintaining the quality of the research report and that is required.
Every barrier is analyzed to identify the factors that need development and according to the requirement of factors the plan is made and the implementation process is effective in minimizing the barriers like education, availability of facilities, and others, and effective data can be provided in the report and it is important for research completion. As stated by Nyholm & Jost, (2022), a proper plan is made for eliminating the barriers to data collection and that is maintained for getting access to the information that is effective for understanding the method properly. Implementation of strategies or plans can be difficult because it requires detailed knowledge about the inefficiency and on the basis of the factors proper implementation can be done.
Overcoming barriers can be an achievement for the researcher because it helps to understand the requirement of the information and according to the requirement, the implementation of the plan is done. Effective and appropriate data is required for gathering the data and analyzing them to extract the main information and that is needed for maintaining the quality. As opined by Park et al. (2022), the evaluation plan has implemented analyzing tools to understand the outcome of the data and this analysis is a major barrier to research report completion because, on the basis of the analysis, the result can be determined. Every related factor and keyword is analyzed for understanding and gathered information about the topic and according to the information the analysis plan is made. The usefulness of the research report is based on the quality of the information and this barrier-overcoming implementation is maintained for improving the report.
The benefits of the research report can be determined by the amount of information and its quality maintenance and it is useful for improvement in the future. As stated by Tan et al. (2021), a proper understanding of the methods and their usage in gathering information is effective and that is maintained in this research report to understand the requirement of medical facilities for Parkinson’s Disease patients. It is helpful for identifying the factors that can issues in patients’ lives and that can be rectified. An evaluation plan is helpful to impose a plan for overcoming barriers in information collection and that is maintained in the research report for a better understanding of Parkinson’s Disease and its patients.
Being effective in providing all types of treatments can improve healthcare quality, and professionals must be qualified and experienced in providing treatments to patients. According to Zhao et al. (2021), each and every related factor needs to be looked at in order to figure out what can make it hard to provide treatment and keep the quality of healthcare the same. Authorities should focus on the development of technology implementation, and doctors need to be efficient enough to keep the treatment process going with the right facilities. Damman et al.'s opinion (2019), many issues should be visible in the treatment cycle of patients and that should be eliminated for keeping up with the nature of medical care and that can be valuable for the patients. Parkinson's disease affects one's ability to walk and talk, necessitating the timely administration of medication in order to ensure a full recovery. Healthcare professionals must be able to administer medication effectively.
In order to maintain a proper treatment process, quality improvement in healthcare and medical services is essential, and it ought to be present in all healthcare because patients can receive proper treatment from healthcare professionals. According to Jin et al. (2020), services and safety measures must be effective for patients because efficient healthcare, facilities, and services can help patients recover from illnesses. The presence of all of these facilities in healthcare is essential for patients' improved health because it enhances the treatment process. Facilities and treatments of all kinds can be provided to patients in accordance with their requirements with proper quality maintenance. In order to improve the health of patients, medical professionals must be courteous and effective in their work.
Conclusion
Uncontrolled movements such as stiffness, shakiness, and difficulty balancing are symptoms of Parkison's Disease, which can be observed in the brain. Because the brain cannot balance the movements and coordination is affected by this disease, this issue is very effective for maintaining the ability to walk and talk. According to De Faria et al. (2020), the symptoms appear early on, get worse over time, and patients become unable to walk or talk properly. If medication is not administered on time, it can have a negative impact on the patient's condition, and this process must be maintained for effective treatment.
The symptoms of Parkinson's disease are broken down into two categories, and the treatment plan is the same for each category. As expressed by Umemoto and Furuya, (2020), the sorts are engine ability side effects and nonmotor expertise side effects and to give the right treatment to the patients all side effects should be dissected. Bradykinesia, vocal symptoms, rigidity and postural instability, tremors, difficulties walking or gait, and dystonia are examples of motor skill symptoms. Mental/behavioral issues, Sense of Smell, Sweating and Melanoma, Gastrointestinal issues, and pain can be observed in nonmotor skill symptoms.
Patients' recovery depends on taking the right medications, which means keeping track of their time and giving them all the right doses at the right time. According to Bloem et al. 2020), the significance of value improvement can be known with the assistance of examining the state of the patients and the nature of treatment that is given to Parkinson's Sickness patients. The side effects are the premise of understanding the course of treatment and the prescription time can be kept up with the examination of the patient's condition and necessity for recuperation. Medical services experts need to work on their training in giving therapies to patients in light of the fact that the productivity of experts is expected for development in medical services and that ought to be kept up with for better therapy offices. It is essential for patients' recovery that all critical reasoning and opinions be analyzed and practiced for quality improvement. To ensure the safety of healthcare services, medication awareness must be implemented, and healthcare professionals must provide appropriate treatment. The services may be able to keep Parkinson's disease medications on time, which is important for improving the quality of healthcare.
The professional experience that can be gathered through knowledge, judgment, critical reasoning, and critical expert opinion is known as Evidence Based Practice (EBP). Because this method is effective at restoring patients to health and improving their quality of life, it is an essential component of the medical field. As expressed by Seppi et al. (2019), healthcare is very important to everyone, and evidence-based practice helps to keep the practical aspects, knowledge, and advice of experts. Every healthcare professional needs to practice properly in order to maintain their ability to provide the right kind of care. According to the opinion of Ferreira et al. (2019), the medical staff ought to be familiar with evidence-based practice, which helps patients recover from Parkinson's disease, and how to keep healthcare quality high. Analyzing knowledge, judgments, the opinions of experts, and critical reasoning can be very effective because it helps to improve the concept and allows for proper practice based on the detailed information about the diseases. According to Day & Mullin (2021), evidence-based practice can be very helpful for maintaining Parkinson's disease medication on time, which is beneficial to patients in recovery.
The efficiency of healthcare is dependent on quality maintenance, which should be improved for improved patient conditions. Healthcare quality is a very important part of providing treatments to patients. As per the view of Shalash et al. (2020), because management must recognize the significance of patients' critical conditions, healthcare facilities must be identical for each patient. Being effective in providing all types of treatments can improve healthcare quality, and professionals must be qualified and experienced in providing treatments to patients. According to Zhao et al. (2021), each and every related factor needs to be looked at in order to figure out what can make it hard to provide treatment and keep the quality of healthcare the same. Authorities should focus on the development of technology implementation, and doctors need to be efficient enough to keep the treatment process going with the right facilities. As believed by Damman et al. (2019), there are a lot of problems with how patients are being treated that need to be fixed to keep the quality of care high and make things better for them. Parkinson's disease affects one's ability to walk and talk, necessitating the timely administration of medication in order to ensure a full recovery. Healthcare professionals must be able to administer medication effectively.
Parkinson's Infection is a mind problem and this disease can be extremely compelling for patients in the event that the treatment isn't being done as expected. Medication must be administered precisely when necessary to improve the patient's current condition, and healthcare providers must provide treatment facilities in accordance with the patient's health. According to the opinion of Pereira et al. (2019), medical professionals can improve the quality of healthcare, and healthcare authorities must recruit qualified and experienced doctors and nurses to maintain high-quality treatment services and facilities. Because it may be helpful to improve the current condition of patients and provide better treatment facilities, the practices must be carried out efficiently. Improvement in quality is a vital piece of medical care since patients' lives are reliant upon the administrations which are given by the medical services. Healthcare providers should educate patients about medications because it increases awareness of the significance of efficient medical care and medical professionals.
Every healthcare facility must provide services that are safe, and medical professionals must behave courteously because their actions have an effect on patients' emotions, which must be properly maintained. The medication process for Parkinson's disease must be completed at precisely the right time for patients to recover, and this disease is extremely difficult for patients to manage. The most important factor in providing treatments that can aid in disease recovery is healthcare, and professionals' efficiency must be properly maintained. According to Santos et al. (2019), Parkinson's disease can be cured using a timed medication process, and a better healthcare department can be effective at keeping the medication process running at the exact time that patients need it. For the purpose of determining the aspects that require improvement and maintaining the quality of healthcare services, it is essential to conduct an accurate analysis of the needs of patients.
Recommendation
Every healthcare facility must provide services that are safe, and medical professionals must behave courteously because their actions have an effect on patients' emotions, which must be properly maintained. The medication process for Parkinson's disease must be completed at precisely the right time for patients to recover, and this disease is extremely difficult for patients to manage. The most important factor in providing treatments that can aid in disease recovery is healthcare, and professionals' efficiency must be properly maintained. According to Santos et al. (2019), Parkinson's disease can be cured using a timed medication process, and a better healthcare department can be effective at keeping the medication process running at the exact time that patients need it. For the purpose of determining the aspects that require improvement and maintaining the quality of healthcare services, it is essential to conduct an accurate analysis of the needs of patients.
Based on the study's findings, it was concluded that providing support to PD patients was also influenced in large part by government funding for healthcare infrastructure maintenance. The negative impact on providing support to PD patients is the lack of skills and proper technique for dealing with clinical treatment. The discoveries additionally relate that there is a rising need of preparing assets for the improvement of medical care offices and furthermore proficient administration and utility of information to relieve the issue of miscommunication as far as the training executed by the medical care organizations. The respondents also mentioned that the management's inability to make timely decisions for PD patients was caused by a lack of awareness and medical support (Bloem et al. 2020). As part of the study, it was also observed that the records of the patients were not kept up to date. Increased collaboration among the stakeholders, which includes nurses, consultants, the community support team, and the patient's family, was identified as the suggested solution for closing the care gap.
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