Want the Best Assignment Help in the UK? Look to Native Assignment Help for unparalleled expertise and support. Our dedicated team of professionals goes above and beyond to ensure you receive top-quality assignments that exceed your expectations.
1.1 Organizational Background
L'Oréal S.A. Is a French personal care firm based in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, with a registered office in Paris. As the world's biggest cosmetics firm and with a focus on hair color, skincare products, sunscreen, make-up, and perfume, it has established activity in the industry (Sutariani, Putri, and Ariyaningsih, 2021). The L'Oréal Group was established in 1909 by young chemist Eugène Schueller, who had an enterprising flair. Hairdressers in Paris were introduced to one of the earliest hair dyes that he designed and made himself. As a result of this, L'Oréal's founder laid the foundation for the company's core values: research and technology in the service of Beauty.
An English graphic director who was only 23 years old at the time of the introduction of "Because I'm worth it" as L'Oréal's advertising slogan in 1973 was responsible for the creation of the phrase. As part of its "Sharing Beauty with All" sustainability goal, L’Oréal committed to lessening the environmental effect of all of its goods (Campos, 2018). Among L'Oréal's pledged goals were reducing the company's carbon impact by 60%, empowering "every L'Oréal customer to make sustainable consumption decisions while improving the beauty of the planet," and providing care, social welfare, and training for its staff wherever they are in the world.
1.2 Chosen Product
It has been announced that L'Oréal S.A. is releasing a new line of CTM ("Cleansing, toning, and moisturizing") products in the UK that includes natural green tea extracts. A wide range of skin types would be able to utilize the products, which are mostly manufactured from natural substances like green tea as well as natural berry extracts, with no preservatives (González-Minero and Bravo-Díaz, 2018). The need for natural components and paraben and alcohol-free products will be the primary considerations in the development of this product. Because of this, instead of using plastic tubes, recyclable containers will indeed be utilized so that the items do not affect the environment in any kind. As a result, the items will be rich in antioxidants and nutrients, which in turn will assist to maintain a healthy complexion. As far as purchase and extraction are concerned, this cosmetics line promises a low carbon impact. Natural ingredients from the Pahadi community have been used to make these items, and they are provided to the customers in their purest form.
1.3 Target Market
Men and women between the ages of 15 and 55 are the target markets for this product line. Natural skincare products are becoming more popular in the United Kingdom, thus the items will be mostly marketed to women in that nation as the primary market (Lin et al., 2018). When it comes to organic cosmetics and personal care products, younger shoppers prioritize quality above all other considerations. It is the major mission to offer skincare for a broad variety of consumers, including spas, department shops, and hotels as well as lifestyle and therapy brands and infant care products for the general public.
According to the graph below, the market value of skincare goods for Great Britain has increased from 2009 to 2019. At 2.16 billion UK pounds, the entire value of the skincare industry increased somewhat from 2.14 billion UK pounds in December 2018. There has been an increase in the market value of skincare goods over the last ten years; in December 2012, they were valued at 1.84 billion British pounds (Statista, 2009).
The United Kingdom's skincare market is predicted to increase at a rate of 5.2 percent during the forecast period to reach a value of USD 24.37 billion by the end of the decade (2019-2024). As a result of this, Loreal's new natural skincare CTM collection has the potential to be a hit (Statista, 2009). According to market research, UK consumers are getting more and more concerned about the maintenance of their skin and hair, which presents a chance for Loreal to gain new customers.
Consumers' increasing understanding was a major trend in this sector. Domestic clients are becoming familiar with their skin's characteristics and the adverse effects of various treatments. There has been a rise in the number of elderly persons in the United Kingdom, which is driving the growth of the UK cosmetics business as a premium, elite market. Natural components, such as herbs, aromatherapy, and fruit extracts, are widely available in the nation. Unilever, L'Oréal S.A., Clarins, and Procter & Gamble are the dominant companies in the UK market for skincare products. As a result, the danger of new entrants tends to be lower, which allows Loreal to succeed in the introduction of a new skincare collection.
1.4 Situational Analysis
Therefore, the below PESTEL analysis is conducted to present the situational analysis for the launch of the new product in the UK market: UK Business Environment
Situational Analysis
The British Government has recently scrapped the strict labour test rule and introduce many legislations in favour of the international students. Secondly, the UK economy is growing positively. The country is struggling to find effective and skilled workers. Thus, the industries require more skilled labour forces in the sustainable business growth. Britain has built a multicultural and multidimensional societies where innovation and skills are given priority over gender, race and religion. In terms of technological innovation and commercialisation; the nation has invested significant resources to meet the requirements of contemporary trends and pace. The UK is one of the countries that is highly sensitive in protecting and promoting environmental issues. However, the nature of business is not associated with environmental issues. The government has recently made new rules and regulations by inviting world-talents and innovators for contributing faster and sustainable economic growth (BBC, 2022).
The key strengths include 20 years of experiences and skills in this field and to provide service the company does not require huge amount money. The money only required for marketing plan, activities and marketing program. There are many competitors in the field but the organisation has developed competitive advantages by obtaining key competencies, building reliable relationship through effective management and quality services. As the invest is small or negligible; therefore, the risk factors or threats are almost nil but the opportunity is very high and wide. The company can recruit 200 students annually and create about £400000 in 2022 – 2023 financial year.
Factors
Description
Political
There are a number of laws that cosmetic companies in the United Kingdom must adhere to in order to remain competitive in the present market, and the European "Cosmetics Requirements 1223/2009" is one of those regulations. The Cosmetic Items (Safety) Regulations 1996 control all cosmetic products on the market ((Novoveská, et al., 2019). The cosmetics industry must ensure that the items it sells to the public are safe to use and do not hurt anybody while they are in use.
Economic
An estimated £27.2 billion was spent in the UK in 2018 on beauty goods and services owing to the industry's contribution to the country's economy, which came to £28.4 billion in 2018. In 2018, the UK economy was supported by 590,500 jobs as a result of the beauty industry's entire contribution (Lin et al., 2018). The beauty industry employs one in every sixty people in the United Kingdom.
Socio-Cultural
Additionally, the arts, internet marketing, and pop culture are opening up new opportunities for dialogue for Organic beauty firms and their customers. Facebook and Instagram are major social media platforms for beauty influencers who use this strategy to their advantage.
Technological
Cosmetics firms are increasingly spending more of it on virtual and real technologies in order to provide customers with goods that are more appealing to their needs. Businesses are able to reach a wider audience because of the power of cutting-edge technology ((Abidemi, et al., 2019). As a way to increase sales, cosmetic firms turn to online tutorials, content creators, and other key opinion leaders. Many women throughout the world watch and share the videos that the influencers produce.
Environmental
It is clear that pollution in the United Kingdom has increased the public's awareness of organic goods. For the younger generation, who are increasingly concerned about the environment, organic food is a must-have (González-Minero and Bravo-Díaz, 2018). For this reason, L’Oréal’s new organic CTM collection will be packaged in recyclable containers rather than plastic.
Legal
When it comes to maintaining a profitable business, the beauty sector must abide by the "Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act" (FD&C Act) and the "Fair Packaging & Labeling Act" (FPLA) (Novoveská, et al., 2019).
SWOT
Strengths
Weaknesses
Largest brand - L'oreal is, without a doubt, the world's biggest beauty and cosmetics firm by market capitalization. It is L'oreal's exclusive concentration on the beauty industry that accounts for its exceptional success in this field, whereas other firms' product lines tend to concentrate on personal care and makeup.
Continuous R&D – Pure manufacturing is not really the way to go when it comes to beauty and cosmetics. Dermatology, cosmetics, skin care, hair care, sun protection, and other fields of study all need to be considered. In hot and cold weather, the effects of a cream might be highly different.
Strong IMC - L'oreal's brands are recognised for their integrated marketing communications, and each one has a strong reputation. These companies are well-known for both their Above the Line and Point of Purchase marketing strategies.
A lot of sub-divisions – Dealing with such a vast organisation has its share of pitfalls, and L'oreal has experienced many of the same. Because of the many sub-divisions it has, the company is renowned to be sluggish and cumbersome.
Profit margins have decreased – L'oreal's profit margins are lower than those of its rivals because to the company's expenditures in R&D, organic processes, and significant distribution costs.
Opportunities
Threats
Total growth of the product mix is the goal of L'Oreal management, and this will be achieved by both expanding its product lines and adding new goods to the mix.
The market for organic cosmetics is on the increase as Peta and other animal rights advocates get involved. For companies like L'oreal, who have relied on organic methods of R&D from the outset, this demand is encouraging.
Personal care as well as beauty products will continue to grow in market potential. The globe is an oyster, and new markets are opening up all the time in underdeveloped countries. L'oreal's future sales will be higher if it expands into these additional areas rather than remaining in the same saturated ones.
The ever-changing nature of the cosmetics sector makes it challenging to stay abreast of the most recent trends. The difficulty is that you can't please everyone all at once.
Cash crisis - A company like L'oreal, which has a large number of subsidiary brands, is forced to segment the money it makes. As a consequence, if the economy declines, it will face a major challenge. It's fairly uncommon for countries to have economic issues, which means the financial influx from that nation is halted.
Channels
Facebook and Instagram are two of the most popular social media platforms for beauty influencers that use this method. Thus, famous influencers such as Taylor Swift will utilise Facebook and Instagram to advertise their new organic beauty products. Additionally, since the majority of kids in today's generation want to be like Instagram influencers, Instagram will be utilised as a marketing tool for promotion.
IMC Objectives
to promote organic beauty products using various social media platforms, for example, Instagram, Facebook, etc, broadcasts, and digital media.
to increase brand sales and revenue collection by involving celebrity influencer for brand promotion.
2. Developing a strategic integrated communication plan
2.1 Setting SMART communication objectives
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Timescale
The main goal of the company is to promote organic beauty products using various social media platforms, for example, Instagram, Facebook, etc, broadcasts, and digital media.
By generating brand awareness and brand image with the help of promotional activities. It will be measured by analyzing the traffic on the websites and social and digital media platforms.
To develop the brand recognition of the company using social media platforms and advertisements.
Using social media platforms, the company can promote the products to the maximum number of customers.
The total time scale for the promotional activities has been set for 6 months.
The goal is to increase brand sales and revenue collection.
The goal will be measured by the analysis of the number of sales and customer purchases.
The goal will be attained by promoting organic products through television, broadcast, and digital pamphlets.
Television and digital pamphlets are very significant communication tools as these can reach information to a large number of customers.
It will take 6 months
(Source: Weintraub, Cassell and DePatie, 2021; Bilgin, 2018; Rasoulinezhad, and Amrollahi, 2020)
2.2 Evaluation of different digital marketing channels including marketing communication mix
The marketing communication mix means a set of instruments that are used to sell products or services to a particular population (Camilleri, 2018). The collection of concepts and aspects that can go into branding particular goods and services, and also how these are applied, is what makes the communication special. Marketing mix involves the inclusion of various marketing channels including:
Advertising
Advertising is a remunerated kind of communication. This is one of the most efficient means of communication as it links a significant number of people at one time in a brief span of time (Camilleri, 2018). It not only increases revenue but also raises awareness among the customers. Marketers can guarantee that buyers are supplied with reliable information. Not only can advertisement strategies increase demand for one product or service, but they often improve client awareness of the brand (Camilleri, 2018).
Marketers of L’Oréal can make it certain that every right service of the company is conveyed to the right audience at the right time. There is the usage of print, banners, radios, broadcast, and many other kinds of content.
Sales promotion
One of the integrated communication marketing techniques and networks that an organization uses to promote selling is sales promotion. In this form of channel, the marketplace tries to attract customers with reductions and discounts (Camilleri, 2018). The sales promotion that is used to promote the product and attract more customer incorporates certain beneficial regulations, appealing bundles, promotions, subscription discounts, and awards. Customers' experience and loyalty are significantly improved by this (Camilleri, 2018). Marketers of L’Oréal may use media articles to advertise brand companies at the proper moment by providing professional promotions, vouchers, and specials to boost and publicize their purchases.
Direct marketing
Advertisers strive to engage directly with end-users just using the style of advertising medium and network. Texts, emails, pamphlets, promoting letters, and also other marketing methods are all definitely beneficial for direct marketing (Camilleri, 2018). They receive communications straight from any of this form of marketing technique and learn about the services and goods, along with their capabilities, cost, and other data. Direct marketing is the most ancient way to communicate.
Mobile marketing
Mobile marketing is a communication method that allows wireless networks to make connections with customers. It helps marketers attract customers to a business by providing notifications and promotional items (Camilleri, 2018).
Personal selling
It is amongst the most popular advertising campaigns. The communications network employs personal selling marketing through many routes and instruments. Personal selling is that when sales staff and advertisers provide products or administrations to individuals (Camilleri, 2018). It contributes to the development of a deep association involving end-users and the firm, which may be the primary objective of personal selling.
Social media marketing
The value of social marketing services in an integrated communication marketing strategy is enormous. This is a popular marketing technique, and the use of social media marketing networks is fast growing. It offers a lot of opportunities for contacting a large number of clients at once to advertise items (Camilleri, 2018). Marketers utilize it to promote their companies since it is a high marketing medium. Facebook, Instagram, and other social media management platforms are examples. The primary goal of using various marketing tools is to quickly interact with a lot of individuals and consumers in order to advertise their services.
Public relations
It is indeed an element of marketing channel that is really employed in conjunction with integrated digital marketing systems. It is the process of establishing, maintaining, as well as nurturing a strong consumer-organization connection (Camilleri, 2018). A public relations advertising method is a two-way marketing communication process wherein the users provide feedback to the corporation. Public appearances, official statements, news, and sponsors are some of the key marketing methods employed in the marketing channel.
Sponsorship
Sponsorship is a part of a promotion that combines sales promotion. This sort of instrument aids in the growth of a product's appeal and engagement (Camilleri, 2018). Customers also may distinguish between two items based on brand excellence, which enables the firm to compete effectively.
2.3 Appropriate channel selection and rationale to maximize coverage across media
The most appropriate marketing channel for the promotion of beauty products includes social media marketing that can be the most suitable aspect. Using social media marketing, L’Oréal can promote the products to the customers by identifying the needs and requirements of the customers. As the social media platforms connect a wide range of customers by consuming less time, the company can identify the customers who are interested in buying the beauty products of L’Oréal (Martinus and Anggraini, 2018). This is the main rationale for maximizing the coverage of customers using social media platforms.
Monitoring image and reputation and collecting customer insights nourish marketing and sales by attending to all digital profiles, blogs, websites, and media sources. Publication of material on a product's social media platforms and interaction with customers is also done using various social media platforms (Martinus and Anggraini, 2018). The social media management skills are used by the managers of L’Oréal not only to discover intriguing discussions and engage with clients in a friendly and tailored manner but also to the tasks toward boosting articles with paid advertising. These platforms are very crucial for the managers to connect with the customers.
2.4 Ethical considerations for the product launch
Ethics that are used and considered for the product launch of the company. The company needs to maintain the product quality and life cycle. As the products of L’Oréal are beauty and skincare related, the needs and requirements of the considered need to be maintained (Ghazali et al., 2017). Beauty products should be harsh chemicals-free. These products also need to be as per the dermatology prescribed that cannot harm the skin of people. Launching of the products of L’Oréal also need to maintain the ethics.
Marketers should concentrate on a few key difficulties, specifically when selling beauty products to people, such as misleading them about an item's emotional, psychological, or skin-related misconceptions. They should never promote any item by showing any person in a bad light (Ghazali et al., 2017). They are encouraged not to advocate that a customer who purchases a product for a certain objective buys the additional product.
They should also avoid using images of goods are chemical-free and can improve the skin texture, color or can make skin fair or some other advertisements regarding this to promote the product (Ghazali et al., 2017).
Consumer protection law is a branch of common law that governs the private law interactions that exist within an organization and the business that provides the products and services (Indradewi, 2021). It covers a wide range of subjects, including but not limited to: the company needs to maintain the consumer protection law before launching the products and services. Quality control, privacy rights, unethical business operations, deception, defamation, and other buyer interactions are all examples of this.
Marketers of L’Oréal must abide by all applicable regulations, which will naturally bring value to their business and customers. Deliberately false or misleading sales promotion regarding beauty products should be minimized, and commodities should be acceptable for possible applications. To preserve consumer rights, ethical standards should really be adopted, promoted, and implemented (Indradewi, 2021). They should be accountable and embrace the repercussions of any marketing efforts and tactics. The company should be equitable and fair enough by balancing the requirements of the consumer also with the benefits of the supplier. The company should maintain all the customer's fundamental dignity.
2.5 STORYTElling for launching the product
2.6 Scheduling the Communication plan
Strategies
One-way
Two-Way
Mass
Television
Using television the company will promote the skincare products to let the customer know the products. The customers will be provided with a detailed description of the products and how to use them. The customers will only receive the information and they are not able to send their reaction or feedback in this communication system.
There is no two-way strategy to communicate with the customers in this communication plan.
The customer to a large extent can receive information about the products and services. Therefore, it is a mass way as the communication system can reach the maximum number of customers at a time.
Social media platforms
It can be used as a one-way communication system to only send information without getting any reaction from the customers.
Using Facebook, Instagram, etc. the company wants to collect the feedback and comments of the customers. It thus will help in managing the customers with the help of the customer response. This communication channel thus can help in a two-way process to interact with the customers.
It is also a mass communication way because it can reach out to the maximum number of customers one at a time. Numerous customers over the social media platforms can get necessary information regarding the beauty products of L'Oréal.
Digital pamphlets
It can also be used as a one-way communication system in which the customers will only receive information about the products and they cannot make any reaction to the advertisement.
By providing contact details of the company like website and social media links, contact no, Twitter marketing communication, Facebook or Instagram account links can help in this regard. These can help in building a two-way communication system in which the customers can identify the product description and connect with the organizational members.
As the digital pamphlets are distributed to a large number of customers, this system acts as a mass communication system.
(Source: Rasoulinezhad and Amrollahi, 2020)
2.7 Approximate budget
The budget plays a very interesting role in business organizations. Developing a budget can help the marketers fix a specific amount to complete the promotional activities.
Strategy
Costs
Television
For this communication generation, it will cost 4 billion dollars.
Digital pamphlets
It will make 3 billion dollars.
Social media platforms.
These will cost 4 billion dollars.
(Source: created by author)
3. Justified recommendations
3.1 Monitoring the IMC plan by justified recommendations
Context monitoring method
Situation monitoring or context monitoring keeps track of the project's general environment. At any stage during the project cycle, context monitoring makes it possible to detect and monitor risk, misconceptions, or other unforeseen scenarios which may develop within the organizational, political, economic, and policy environment (García et al., 2017). Context monitoring allows to detect them in advance to impact the project's strength or weakness. With the help of this method, the various risks associated with the communication plan like customer negative reaction and feedback regarding the organic products can be monitored. And by identifying this, the marketers can improve those weak areas.
Financial monitoring
The primary goal of financial monitoring seems to be to examine a company's business efficiency (Oneshko and Ilchenko, 2017). It takes account of a project's expenses incurred in contrast to the budgeted amount and enables the project team to develop methods to enhance outputs with the least inputs. The markers can use this method to identify the areas that consume many expenses and thereby can implement necessary strategies to reduce expenses for the organic cosmetic products development (Oneshko and Ilchenko, 2017).
3.2 Resources to serve communication objectives
The marketers can use other resources to serve the communication goals. They can use social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram are the most significant channels that can connect customers at a wide range (Desai and Salvi, 2020). Advertisements through posters, television, newspapers, and broadcast will also help in providing maximum information to the maximum number of customers. Thus, these can help in meeting the communication objectives of L’Oréal
3.3. Improvement of plan to maximize revenues
The communication plan can be improved for generating maximum revenue collection. The marketers can create a chain to communicate with the customers. Frequent promotional activities in the social media platforms can help the customers get in touch with the company's operations and they can develop knowledge about the organic products. It will increase the customer experience. By doing this, the company can increase the loyalty of the customers (Boonpreda and Ruan, 2020). When the customers have all the information regarding the formation of the product, discounts, benefits, they can build trust in the brand. It thus can help the customers make decisions to purchase the products leading to an increase in sales (Boonpreda and Ruan, 2020). Thereby, it will also increase the sales and revenue collection of the company.
3.4. Meeting communication and business objectives
Communication using various channels like social media platforms, digital media platforms, and different communication tools like television, pamphlets, etc. are the most crucial factors (Desai and Salvi, 2020). These communication channels not only help develop a robust relationship with the customers to identify their needs but also help increase the number of customers purchasing organic cosmetic products. It will increase the sales and revenue collection of the company.
Moreover, the brand image of the company will be generated. The main business objectives of L’Oréal S.A are to maximize sales and increase customer satisfaction by using integrated communication marketing. The marketing managers of the company need to interact with the customers to recognize what type of products they require. It will thus help in developing the quality and variations of the beauty products (Desai and Salvi, 2020). Providing the customers with the products they need thus can help enhance customer loyalty. It leads to a huge customers demand resulting in an increase in sales of the products. Thus, the communication system can help in meeting the business objectives.
4. Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded that the importance of integrated marketing communication can never be avoided. It has huge importance for the development and growth of the company. Communication systems with the customers help in creating a relationship with the customers to provide information about the new products so that the product launching can be successful and reach out to the maximum purchaser.
References
Abidemi, B.L., James, O.A., Oluwatosin, A.T., Akinropo, O.J., Oraeloka, U.D. and Racheal, A.E., 2018. Treatment technologies for wastewater from cosmetic industry—A review. Int J Chem Biomol S, 4(4), pp.69-80.
Bilgin, Y., 2018. The effect of social media marketing activities on brand awareness, brand image, and brand loyalty. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(1), pp.128-148.
Boonpreda, N. and Ruan, X., 2020. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON BUSINESS VALUE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC SKINCARE BRANDS IN THAILAND. International Journal of Organizational Business Excellence, 3(2), pp.49-64.
Camilleri, M.A., 2018. Integrated marketing communications. In Travel marketing, tourism economics and the airline product (pp. 85-103). Springer, Cham.
Campos, P.M.A.D., 2018. L'Oréal Paris Men Expert: understanding the Portuguese male skincare market (Doctoral dissertation).
Desai, Z. and Salvi, S., 2020. Social Media Marketing and Cosmetic Industry. ANVESHAK-International Journal of Management, 9(1), pp.22-49.
García, Ó., Prieto, J., Alonso, R.S. and Corchado, J.M., 2017. A framework to improve energy-efficient behaviour at home through activity and context monitoring. Sensors, 17(8), p.1749.
Ghazali, E., Soon, P.C., Mutum, D.S. and Nguyen, B., 2017. Health and cosmetics: Investigating consumers’ values for buying organic personal care products. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 39, pp.154-163.
González-Minero, F.J. and Bravo-Díaz, L., 2018. The use of plants in skin-care products, cosmetics and fragrances: past and present. Cosmetics, 5(3), p.50.
Indradewi, A.A.S.N., 2021. THE CONCEPT OF CONSUMER PROTECTION. Journal on International Social Science, 1(1), pp.7-12.
Lin, Y., Yang, S., Hanifah, H. and Iqbal, Q., 2018. An exploratory study of consumer attitudes toward green cosmetics in the UK market. Administrative Sciences, 8(4), p.71.
Martinus, H. and Anggraini, L., 2018. The effect of sales promotion in social media on the students: Purchase intention of face cleaner water product. Humaniora, 9(1), pp.15-22.
Novoveská, L., Ross, M.E., Stanley, M.S., Pradelles, R., Wasiolek, V. and Sassi, J.F., 2019. Microalgal carotenoids: A review of production, current markets, regulations, and future direction. Marine drugs, 17(11), p.640.
Oneshko, S. and Ilchenko, S., 2017. Financial monitoring of the port industry companies on the basis of risk-oriented approach. Investment management and financial innovations, (14,? 1 (contin.)), pp.191-199.
Rasoulinezhad, S. and Amrollahi, S., 2020. Investigate the Benefits of Social Media Marketing on Brand Credibility. Journal of Humanities Insights, 4(03), pp.153-158.
Statista. 2009. Skincare market value 2009-2018 | Statista. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/289747/skincare-tota-market-value-in-great-britain/. [Accessed on: 22/12/2021]
Sutariani, N.M., Putri, I.V.W. and Ariyaningsih, N.N.D., 2021. Emotive Function Used in L’Oréal Paris Advertisements. Journal of Humanities, Social Science, Public Administration and Management (HUSOCPUMENT), 1(3), pp.93-100.
Weintraub, J., Cassell, D. and DePatie, T.P., 2021. Nudging flow through ‘SMART’goal setting to decrease stress, increase engagement, and increase performance at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 94(2), pp.230-258.
