The city has been running the pick-five lottery for years and the proceeds of the lottery were used for social activities related to health care, education and social programmes. The bank's research on the randomness of few numbers as compared to others has created dubiety among the people. This has also affected the functioning of the city council in the funding programmes. The main issue is the probability of the randomness of a few selected numbers from 1 to 56 and the article presented by the financial advisor on such dubiousness. The city council aware is aware of the honesty process that is maintained throughout the process but some people believe in the advice of the bank.
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Major software vendors use the algorithm used by the company for generating the lottery values. This shows that the algorithm process is certified and is suitable for further usage for generating the lottery values (Smaldino et al. 2019). The city officials are also sure of the algorithm process that has helped them to run the service for years.
Figure 1: Average of the values of each of the five balls in three cities
The above data shows the average of the ball values that are collected from three different cities to underscore the authenticity of the algorithm process. The ball average is calculated from three different cities within the range of 27 to 29. This shows that the algorithm used by the company is credible and properly calibrated to measure the randomness of the ball values (Heyard et al. 2022). Bank's criticism is credible to the extent that the frequency of some numbers is more but when the average is calculated, the value came within the range that is predicted.
Figure 2: Frequency of winning numbers from three cities
The above data shows the frequency of a few numbers as compared to other numbers listed from 1 to 56. The analysis from the table states that five values were chosen more frequently in the lottery, which is the main concern that the bank has raised (Gildenhuys, 2020). The advice from the bank is that the people should choose five other numbers that include 48, 36, 53, 12 and 51. The main concern of the bank is that the algorithm rarely addresses the five numbers that it stated. The most common frequencies range from 72 to 82 when collected from the three other cities. But the random numbers that are shown in the city do not match the frequency level with all the other cities (de Winde et al. 2021). This shows that there is some linkage between the city official and the company for generating random numbers.
The data that is collected from the three cities shows that there is some dubiety in the algorithm process in generating the random numbers. The bank's concern cannot be put away as the average data and the frequency data do not match the data with the city (Sonboli et al. 2020). Though the method adopted for clearing the doubts and refuting the banks' statements is not enough, more statistical analysis is required to solve the doubt of the people. The graph that sorts the frequency values have been provided in the spreadsheet which analysis the frequency and the randomness of numbers that is very different from the city (Mulderi et al. 2022). A number can repeat and it is not surprising but if other numbers also repeat then there is a need for more statistical analysis to disguise the values that random number is often generated.
Figure 3: Frequency and their grand total from three cities
The above data collected from the three different cities shows that the analysis of the frequency and the numbers generated from them are properly aligned to produce reasonable results. These results are in a non-repeating manner that helps in dispelling the doubt of the local people of the credibility of the algorithm process used by the company (Kindt, 2021). The average that came from the frequency of unusual ball values came within the expected range of 27 to 29. This shows that there is no repetition of the numbers and randomness is maintained through the lottery process. Checking the frequency data also shows that the five most common frequencies range from 72 to 82, which helps in estimating the frequency range of the top values according to the prediction rate. More statistical analysis is required to analyse the randomness in the probability of the few selected numbers (Jia et al. 2019). The bank's advice may be considered from the insight statistical analyses that cannot be refuted but the question of the credibility of the algorithm needs more verification.
Implementation Of A Secure Online Lottery System
The implementation of a secure online lottery system shows the use of modern cryptography. This helps in securing the services that provide authentication to the whole process (Bashir et al. 2022). The system also ensures that data integrity and confidentiality are implemented at the maximum level. There is a related threat to cybercrime when implementing the online system but preventive measures need to be initially adopted. The city council needs to adopt the necessary preventive steps before the implementation of the online lottery system. Classified document systems and maintaining a high level of potential impact can help in achieving the trust of the people in the online system. Consensus oriented approach in the implementation of the system can ensure accountability and professionalism in the overall system (Alefs et al. 2022). Dubiety in the process of the algorithm used by the company can be lessened if the company adopts the proper privacy and verifiability in the whole drawing process.
Conclusion and Recommendations
The proceeds of the lottery are used for the good of society and it is really stimulating. It is the duty of the city officials to ensure that there is no nexus between them and the company. This is the only way to maintain a consistent level of faith among the people regarding the algorithm process of the company. The company has the responsibility to maintain a level of integrity and professionalism in its working process. The recommendations are the followings:
The advice from the bank cannot be totally refuted if the data is properly analysed but a sophisticated analysis is needed to prove that the statement of the bank is wrong (springer, 2023). The problem that the city officials are facing can only be mitigated if proper action is taken to ensure that the system is working in tandem with the proper rules and regulations.
The online lottery system is recommended for the current gambling process as the tickets are recorded on the server and the security of the transaction can also be ensured. By adopting such an online electronic system, each lottery has an equal chance of winning and being selected (Bashir et al.2022).
There would be no such repetition of the same numbers and everyone gets the opportunity to calculate the winning number. The outcome of the result will be published on the web and there is a greater chance for random strings. The new secure online lottery system would ensure authentication, control of access and confidentiality of data.
It also ensures that data integrity is maintained at all levels with a negligible chance of repudiation. The new system adopts the method of cryptography to ensure that the data transmitted are secure and stored followed by a proper integrity check (Mulderi et al. 2022). Verifying the winning number and closing the time process leads to the evaluation of the entire process.
References
Journals
Alefs, K., Hartl, F., Newman, L., Özdeveci, B. and Uriawan, W., 2022, September. Secure Decentralized Online Gaming with Lending Functionalities. In 2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA) (pp. 27-32). IEEE.
Bashir, A., Azwardi, A., Soebyakto, B.B., Atiyatna, D.P., Hamidi, I., Hamira, H. and Dwi, R.S., 2022. Raising Awareness and Knowledge of Rural Communities against Lottery Fraud and Illegal Online Loans through Telephone and Short Message Services. Sricommerce: Journal of Sriwijaya Community Services, 3(2), pp.89-96.
de Winde, C.M., Sarabipour, S., Carignano, H.A., Davla, S., Eccles, D., Hainer, S.J., Haidar, M., Ilangovan, V., Jadavji, N.M., Kritsiligkou, P. and Lee, T.Y., 2021. Towards inclusive funding practices for early career researchers.
Gildenhuys, P., 2020. Lotteries make science fairer. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 7(sup2), pp.S30-S43.
Heyard, R., Ott, M., Salanti, G. and Egger, M., 2022. Rethinking the funding line at the Swiss national science foundation: Bayesian ranking and lottery. Statistics and Public Policy, 9(1), pp.110-121.
Jia, Z., Chen, R. and Li, J., 2019, December. Delottery: a novel decentralized lottery system based on blockchain technology. In Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Blockchain Technology and Applications (pp. 20-25).
Kindt, J.W., 2021. Bans on sports gambling and lotteries would pump-prime the US economic system in the new age of covid. U. Ill. L. Rev., p.1771.
Mulder, L., Wouters, A., Twisk, J.W., Koster, A.S., Akwiwu, E.U., Ravesloot, J.H., Croiset, G. and Kusurkar, R.A., 2022. Selection for health professions education leads to increased inequality of opportunity and decreased student diversity in The Netherlands, but lottery is no solution: A retrospective multi-cohort study. Medical Teacher, 44(7), pp.790-799.
Smaldino, P.E., Turner, M.A. and Contreras Kallens, P.A., 2019. Open science and modified funding lotteries can impede the natural selection of bad science. Royal Society open science, 6(7), p.190194.
Sonboli, N., Burke, R., Mattei, N., Eskandanian, F. and Gao, T., 2020. " And the Winner Is...": Dynamic Lotteries for Multi-group Fairness-Aware Recommendation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.02590.
Websites
springer, (2023), Secure online lottery system, Available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-35076-4_9 [Accessed on: 14th March 2023]
