The part of the building that comprises several stories or storey used for the parking or other similar activities that is constructed below the ground level or can be constructed partially below the ground level.
The task comprises the construction of a three storey basement for the existing seven houses present in chelsea, london for a depth of 15 meters. The task of 1A covers the method statements for the construction work related to the basement and the superstructure in the existing building for the mixed use for the office and its parking. The standards of the buildings regulations and H&S statutory are taken into consideration for the development of all relative works.
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Basement construction and description of the site
The building of the seven houses in the chelsea are to be developed into a single building for the office prior to single open type. There is a frame of steel as a temporary external unit that was put for the previous scheme of facade of the hotel in the same building. The existing soil property of the site is soft alluvial soil and the clay material is available upto fourteen meter depth. On investigation it was found that the load bearing capacity of the silt/clay is soft. Additionally, the site has been a good level of water that forms a high water table below.
The secant piled retaining wall will be used for the construction of a three storey basement with the reinforced concrete within the work formed for the temporary work in the building. In order to facilitate the construction of the wall for the basement are propped in a permanent condition with the floor slab of the basement.
Pre start Activities
The establishment of the site work is started with the demolition with the prior information and notice to the required authorities.
The construction of the basement and its relative works are followed by the disruptive manner and will be executed in safe and efficient considerations.
All the measures belonging to health and safety of the site workers and nearby commutators will be workforce during the whole construction period.
Several considerations for the environment will be granted including the hoarding around the site to restrict the flow of dust (Vidhyasri, R. and Sivagamasundari, 2017).
These pre-activities are also considered for all the perspectives of licencing and the vehicle movement around the site and other related considerations.
Basement strategy
The study holds for the demolition strategy and the relative substructure and basement construction for the office work in the seven buildings of the Chelsea. The design considerations of the perimeter wall are entirely based on the concept of buildbility, retention of water and the relative deflection. On the other side the optimum design considerations is based on the concept of a system of retaining walls by the secant pile of CFA which will be installed in the existing level of the ground. Interlocking bored piles is the constituent of the secant wall. Firstly the use of betonies and the concrete of 10 N per mm square is used for the construction of primary piles of female (Ramli et al. 2018). Further, the structural reinforced concrete is formed for the secondary piles of male which is then installed in between the pile of primary one by taking the interlocking element of 150 millimeters. Moreover, there is a consideration for the two different types of secant wall which is propped and cantilevered.
For designing the toe level at the rate of 5.5 m AOD for the propped secant solution is used for the relative deflection criteria because of the critical boundaries of the adjacent buildings of the workplace. This obstruction put a limit to the deflection upto to 20mm. Secant pile retaining wall will be used in the majority of the site and on the other side cantilever will be used for the site section where there is no requirement of the minimal deflection criteria.
Installation of temporary works
The temporary works will be installed across the capping beam face as the compelling amount of beam is formed.
Excavation and temporary works
There are four factors upon which the excavation method will be considered.
Type of subsoil: The geotechnical survey is important for the work related to foundation and excavation. The case here forms a soft type alluvial soil which affects the several decisions of techniques used for shoring and the wall for supporting the excavation.
Water table or groundwater: The magnitude for the protection which is created in the site of Chelsey can be affected by the water table condition in the below of the site (Haslinda et al. 2018). The case here presented consists of the quality of water that forms a rich water table in the site. This makes further need for the dewatering pump in the site to execute the work of excavation. Additionally, one can use the sheet piles for making the water tight and avoid flooding trenches while the work for excavation is going.
Surrounding condition: As the excavation or the construction of the basement is followed by several seven number of buildings with attached other buildings this will exerts the load on the foundation of the nearby building (Patrick et al. 2017). Therefore a survey is needed to find the municipal drains to get diverted if they follow the same proposed site of excavation.
Project size: The techniques for the excavation is dependent on the types and size of the excavation that needs to be done. As the case here holds for a complex system with a large scale this will be done by a technique of sequencing which will grant major equipment and their required access to the site for related works.
Dewatering strategy
The optimization of the water proofing standard is gained using the pump station which excavates the existing water condition of the site. Moreover, to obstruct the water to get inflow into the region of the basement, a perimeter wall is designed. This designed perimeter wall will be installed until the liner walls of the concrete section are constructed against the wall of secant pile (Akmam Syed Zakaria et al. 2018). However, minute seepages can be observed which will be removed by using the sump pump from the settlement tanks to infrastructure of Thames water (private one) in order to commence discharge of it.
Secant pile wall
The case of the project will be utilising two types of secant piles:
The critical boundaries of the basement comprises 600 millimetre of propped wall.
The other boundaries subjected to less critical of the basement consists of a secant wall of cantilever of the diameter 750/900 millimetre.
The designed raking props are at 3.6 m AOD at the level of the mid capping beam used after the top of the pile is formed by a capping beam. Moreover, this construction of the capping beam on the top is along the elevation length of the secant wall (Ugulu et al. 2019). Below the B3 level there will be an installation of the thrust block consisting of a mass concrete design consideration for the restraint props.
Sequence for the wall of secant pile installation
The line of the wall of secant has been obstructed for the probe
Towards the perimeter of wall a construction of the platform prior to perimeter piling
Formation of the guide wall related to retaining wall of the secant pile as a temporary mass concrete type.
The use of CFA technique for the installation of the secant file hard firm of 600 mm and taken as 900 mm for the main pile in a center to center distance.
After the seven days past of the initial setup of installation the case following breakdown and trim for the secant pile.
To have the placement of the concrete the capping beam is excavated and is installed with the reinforcing.
After that placing the concrete in it.
Lastly made a strike in order to remove the formwork.
Task 1B: Cross-sectional Drawing of Basement Construction
Considering from a structural point of view, construction of all basements might seem to be similar to each other, and however, just like different conception structures, there are also different types of basements depending on its strength, requirement and weaknesses. There are several positive and negative aspects associated with basement construction. First of all, having a basement will provide more space for living and storage (Kern et al. 2018). In a practical sense, it gives the opportunity to maximize the land area by adding an additional space without covering any kind of land. In addition to that, the basement provides several other benefits such as larger houses on a small footprint, safety during wind storms or natural hazards and cooler places at the time of summer. However, there are also some negative sides of basement construction. There is a potential risk that it might become vulnerable by collecting moisture and acquiring water damage. It might cause extreme environment ATI or in severe cases, damage to the structure.
The suggested cross-sectional drawing is depicting the tanked protection method for basement construction. The constructed structure includes a layer of the membrane in order to provide the required water-resistance to the structure. The waterproofing membrane is the most crucial element of this construction as this construction of basement does not include any other protection from water penetration; therefore, it will be quite essential to ensure the layer of the membrane was placed effectively and efficiently (Johnson, 2018). In this construction, internal tanking will be applied inside of the structural walls, though it has some difficulties handling "hydrostatic pressure" and "mechanical anchorage".
Task 1C: Construction factor and method
Basement slab construction
The completion of the excavation work of the basement will forward the formation of the lower level basement slab which will be trimmed from the final design manuals. The testing and installment of the below ground services will be commenced below the basement slab (Clark, 2019). Next the information of the geotechnical is ascertained for the methodology of the proposed basement construction. There will be a construction of the tanking system held for a proprietary basement and relative water bar in all the joints of the construction with the foundation raft at the lower section of the base level. The process of the typical basement slab follow these steps:
Trimming and grading to formation of the B2 and B3.
Concrete blinding of cast mass in order to grant the surface waterproof membrane and tanking.
All the laps were sealed and applied a constant tanking for water proofing along the perimeter of the junction of slab and secant wall.
The continuity reinforcement bars were turned into the male secant piles with the drilling and resin.
All the wall columns and starters of the slab area are installed with the slab reinforcement (Tuan and Tam, 2018).
Around the raking prop necessary boxout in a formwork to perimeter.
Before the operation of concrete slab pour is cleaned and inspected.
Now place the concrete.
Here the placement of the concrete is to be done using the concrete pump of mobile or static. This process is repeated until there is a construction of the foundation raft.
Construction of RC vertical element
After the some area completion of the basement two levels then there will be a construction of a vertical element that will allow for the further level of B3 and relative basement slab to be constructed. The categories for the vertical column are single sided rc insitu liner wall of 250 millimetres, double sided type rc wall for a type of shear walls, various orientation of reinforcement columns, and RC cores. Embankments form as an important part (Li et al. 2016). Temporary work is mounted on the front of the castle. After the proper restrictions of the horizontal floor slab have been applied to the permanent suspended floor, the walls are supported by building a rigid concrete traction unit located below the bottom of the first floor and remote from the wall.
Task 2 Constructionarium Preparation
Task 2A: Descriptive method statement
The system of proprietary will be used for the formwork in the construction site with the relative aim which are:
This system of the formwork is reliable, simple and is so easy to erect and dismantle.
The high level of access in the formwork has been a safe consideration.
This can be easily accommodated with the change and modification of the site work.
The single sided of the wall is subjected to large hydrostatic forces while the concrete is being placed on it. This type of situation is best suited with the proprietary system which can manage such construction aspects.
A method statement is termed as one of the essential elements that could be found in almost every construction project. Method statement aligned with risk assessment provides required safety to the construction project in order to carry out the activities during the construction (El-Emam and Touqan, 2017). Therefore it could be said that method statement in an elaborated description discussing the process of construction work maintaining security and safety such kinds of documents are primarily utilized regarding higher is vicarious in order to provide essential information to the workers regarding how the work needs to be done and what precaution should be taken. For the current project also there will be a method statement mixing the activities and its related precautions.
The method statement for the current project will include the project title, and the specific reason for which the method statement is prepared here will be for safety and security purposes. Short description regarding each and every word will be given in the statement with its start and allotted duration. It will function mention the work hours and the successor of each and every task. Next most essential thing the hazards associated with their respective works will be described in order to give them an idea. It will also include associated hazards of the project site and project environment. Apart from that, it will include documents for risk assessment and what procedure. The requirement of PP and first aid and welfare will also be mentioned in the statement lastly the management and monitoring adjustment, as well as procedures for emergency situations, will be described in this statement some visual depictions are provided related to tasks in order to provide a better idea (Touqan and El-Emam, 2016).
Task 2B: Risk assessment
The case here holds a plenty of risk assessment for various aspects of the projects. Construction dust is an important aspect in maintaining the risk and does not include any major formal method for its effect on construction. Hence the project should hold a range of guidance and safety considerations following the criteria of local municipality and governmental regulations to have commended over the production of dust at the construction site. The London council BPG is used for the guidance for having the impact check of the dust in the construction site.
First is to identify the risk of the dust at the construction site
Then prior to risk a measures for the risk by practicing for mitigating its effect.
Doing the risk assessment for the outline of the project to identify and mitigate its effect.
The relating all the phases of the construction projects is made with the risk assessment of the dust and is undertaken. The allowable risk assessment of the dust mitigation measures provides the healthy and no protection needed for the dust and have been using the covering all over the site to reduce the mortality of dust into the surrounding (Chiodaroli et al. 2016). The mitigation of the dust allows further three phases of the project that holds for the medium type risk of the dust. Moreover, all other activities of the site have been subjected to lower level of risk and have been carrying low level of risk.
Phase 1: piling of the facada and perimeter for around three to four months.
Phase 2: reducing the level of dig for around three to five months.
Phase 3: construction of the relative works of slabs and basement for around eight to nine months.
Activity to risks
Initial risks consideration
Control measures
Residual risks
Risks related to fall from the level of the site and trips
High
The regulation of 2005 is considered and the undertaken workforce is adapted with it. In order to restrict the case of fall, a fall arrest and restraint system is being considered at the site. Moreover, the typical handrails and protection of edges are installed over the area.
Edges protection is incorporated in the capping beam construction.
Proprietary system of formwork in the platforms of working design.
Medium
Basement work and collapse of excavation
High
Secant pile wall is being used as the permanent work to have the solution installed over the ground level to oppose the shoring in excavation. The competent design engineer will follow the all related works of permanent and temporary earthwork and follow the strict compliance with the progression of work (Savickas et al. 2018).
Medium
Noise and Dust
Medium
The covering of the site under construction and the dust suppression is used in possible areas of the site. The transporting vehicle is to be free from debris and material belonging to lose type to have a low concentration of dust (Chiodaroli et al. 2018).
Using the silent hydraulic methods to cut down the piles to reduce the noise as possible.
Low
Explosion and Fire
Medium
The measure for the fire is standard using the permits of hot permit. The use of containers of gas with the LPG and propane like substance is stored with the guidelines of HSG CS-6.
Low
Operations of lifting and cranes
High
The plan of the project lifting is reviewed from time to time and makes considerable changes according to operation to have effective management of it at the site (Azzouz et al. 2017).
Any lifting operation in the following work of the site is followed by the set regulations of the equipment lifting regulation, 1998 (LOLER 98).
Medium
Stability of structures in the relative condition of temporary works
Medium
The adjacent structure and building are accessible for the required works of the temporary setup and are supported by it as necessary.
Construction of basement works are reviewed and adopted a methodology of amend.
Stability movement and the monitoring of the retaining wall with the care consideration to be able to execute the relative works on it.
Low
Table 1: Preliminary Risk Assessment
Task 2C: Timeline
Figure 6: Project Timeline
(Source: Gantt chart)
Figure 7: Network Diagram
(Source: Gantt chart)
The above two figures highlight the prepared project timeline and network diagram for the five-day project. It highlights the critical activities associated with the project in order to provide a broader idea regarding project activities.
Task 2D: Plant Schedule
Planning and the scheduling of the project makes the proper orientation of the project in the desired direction and can be an effective one in achieving the goal of the project. Moreover, it related the basement construction as the cost also by having the effective planning and execution for the same (El-Tayeb et al. 2017). The basic works of the works of the construction hold for the excavation following the forming of footing, placing the rebar and concrete and forms the relave strip around. Here the case holds for the demolition works following the excavation and pouring of the concrete to have the three story basement and required office at the roof of the building. This bar chart and timeline chart has a simplicity which helps the understanding and preparation. This is why this concept is widely used and popular among all the construction projects irrespective of type.
Tower cranes
The project will be using the two tower cranes for all relative works of lifting operation apart from the substructure part (Kalmutzki et al. 2018). The safe operation of the tower cranes is held by using the measures that are listed below:
The working order of the equipment hold for lifting will be checked and verified.
The hooks of the cranes below equipment are examined through a test and certification for the safety considerations.
The inspection and the maintenance of all the equipment are self assessed by the supervisor present in the site.
All relevant records for the inspection and testing are maintained in the document and placed in the office.
Following certificates of the examination and through test are stored in the pan of project lifting.
The basement works are proposed by the use of a luffing jib in the two numbers as a tower crane (Super et al. 2016).
Tower Crane
Location in approximate
Length of jib in meter
Type of jib
Maximum Duty in kilogram
TC-1
Between the blocks
55
luffing
3500
TC-2
Elevation of north west in the block crook
55
luffing
4000
References
Book
Johnson, R.P., 2018. Composite structures of steel and concrete: beams, slabs, columns and frames for buildings. USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Journals
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Azzouz, A., Borchers, M., Moreira, J. and Mavrogianni, A., 2017. Life cycle assessment of energy conservation measures during early stage office building design: A case study in London, UK. Energy and Buildings, 139, pp.547-568.
Chiodaroli, M., Günaydin, M., Johansson, H. and Roiban, R., 2016. Complete Construction of Magical, Symmetric, and Homogeneous Supergravities as Double Copies of Gauge Theories. Physical review letters, 117(1), p.011603.
Chiodaroli, M., Günaydin, M., Johansson, H. and Roiban, R., 2018. Gauged supergravities and spontaneous supersymmetry breaking from the double copy construction. Physical review letters, 120(17), p.171601.
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El-Tayeb, E.H., El-Metwally, S.E., Askar, H.S. and Yousef, A.M., 2017. Thermal analysis of reinforced concrete beams and frames. HBRC journal, 13(1), pp.8-24.
Haslinda, A.N., Xian, T.W., Norfarahayu, K., Hanafi, R.M. and Fikri, H.M., 2018, April. Investigation on the factors influencing construction time and cost overrun for high-rise building projects in penang. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 995, No. 1, p. 012043). IOP Publishing.
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Kalmutzki, M.J., Hanikel, N. and Yaghi, O.M., 2018. Secondary building units as the turning point in the development of the reticular chemistry of MOFs. Science advances, 4(10), p.eaat9180.
Kern, A.P., Amor, L.V., Angulo, S.C. and Montelongo, A., 2018. Factors influencing temporary wood waste generation in high-rise building construction. Waste Management, 78, pp.446-455.
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Super, S., Wagemakers, M.A.E., Picavet, H.S.J., Verkooijen, K.T. and Koelen, M.A., 2016. Strengthening sense of coherence: opportunities for theory building in health promotion. Health promotion international, 31(4), pp.869-878.
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