Psychological Theories of Attitude Formation Explained Case Study

Social Dynamics of Attitude Development and Impact

Introduction

This paper is going to assess and discuss the Theories of Attitude and explain the changing of attitudes towards the person and how attitudes evolve in people. This study going to provide a brief description review of the topic along with the findings and discussion of the study and attitude of person and value of mind regarding along may have particular attitude and how this attitude came to be drawn breath by the scientific study of the behavior and mind and it is specified explicitly in particular alternative intent and can be focused in the formation of attitude (Rossi and Tappolet, 2019, p.561).

Theories of Attitude

These analytical reports, it has been discussed the theories of attitudes based on different individuals and different groups of individuals. As per the opinion of Ajzen, (2020, p320), there are four types of theories from the perspective of scientists that are often used to explain or describe the attitude formation of individuals. The self-perception theory, the functional theory, the consistency theory, and the social-judgment theory are presented. Applying these theories will make people understand how the theories impact their life(Lin, E., 2020). An attitude shows an individual’s state of mind along with respect towards their situation, thing, or person. These attitudes become highly important when it comes to an employee's attitudes toward a specific job task. Attitudes depend on the situation of an individual which varies from time to time. This report is made to explain the three types of Theories of attitudes these are:

• Self Perception Theory
• Functional Theory
• Social Judgment Theory

This report is prepared to discuss only to discuss on these three theories of attitudes how the Self-perception theory has to give impacted individuals or groups of different types of individuals, how can functional theory has impacted different groups of groups of people and the last this report discuss that how the social-judgment \ theory does affect the different types of individuals and different types of the group across the world (Han et al. 2019, p.907).

A. Explain three theories of attitude

This report is prepared to describe and explain the theories of attitudes of different individuals or different groups of individuals. After mentioning the three types of theories of attitude, now this report has discussed these all three types of theories one by one below:

• Self-perception theory: As per the viewpoint of, Robinson, et al, (2020, p560), self-perception theory has been described as this theory making an argument that people pay attention to the attitudes that they observe in their behaviors in day-to-day life.
• Functional theory: This report has described how the functional theory of attitude affects individuals or groups of individuals. As per the statement of Calnitsky, and Martinez, (2022, p18), functional theory or functionalism is a theory that's interdependent on the contribution of society along with the stability and functioning as a whole for society (Ferm and Thaichon, 2021, p.102584).
• Social-judgment theory: As per the viewpoint of Fusar et al, (2022, p170), social judgment theory explains that you have an idea or message to present in front of the world or to any individual and the individuals accept it or reject it based on the individuals or a group of individuals' perceptual map.

B. How attitudes are formed explanation

The formation of attitude is a general and long-lasting negative or positive feeling or opinion about an object, problem, person, or group of individuals. As per the statement of von Sikorski and Herbst, (2020, p440), attitudes bloom with direct social influences, media exposure, and main thing by experiences. These attitudes are built by three pillars: emotions, comprehension, and behavior. Attitudes are formed by the association of groups of individuals and family and family events, excessive communications with lots of people, neighborhoods, by the experience of direct, economic occupations or status. To form a positive attitude concerning a thing that is a good or pleasant experience. Along with that, the bad experiences lead to bad or negative attitudes toward things (Forster et al. 2020, p.861).

C. How attitudes impact other individuals or groups

To learn the theory of attitude one needs to go deep into the situation of an individual that what the other person is experiencing. This report has described the impact of an individual's behavior on other individuals' behavior or vice-versa. Having a negative attitude towards the people has made them react negatively because a negative attitude is a rise by experiencing bad things that happened in one's life, but the other person is not aware of that so an individual need to be cool when they encounter good people do not show their bad experience or bad attitude that may hurt the other person or makes the things worst. The best formation of attitudes is a positive attitude; it means that the individual is experiencing good things in their life so they interact with the other person with a good or happy attitude that makes the other person's behavior positive toward the other one.

As per the statement of Diab-Bahman, and Al-Enzi, (2020, p.920), a positive attitude impacts positively on the other individual or group of individuals, and a negative attitude has an impact negatively on the other individual or group of individuals. This attitude totally depends on the individual. What attitude the individual wants to develop or what attitude the individual wants to cut out from life in this competitive world?

D. Discuss the concepts such as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination

Concepts are explained as the main ideas of the topic. The concept means that it should be understood by its fundamental building behind its principles, beliefs, and thoughts. This report is going to define the concepts of stereotypes, the concepts of prejudice, and the last the concepts of discrimination.

• The concepts of Stereotypes: Stereotypes are psychological facts, stereotypes are widely held, and they have essential beliefs about a group of people; based on gender identity, ethnicity and race, sex, age, nationality, status, language, and so on. Stereotypes are the set of people within the society with their wider culture and institute.
• The concepts of Prejudice: Prejudice can also be defined as the unfounded belief towards the unreasonable feeling of not liking to trust somebody or something when it's based on their race, sex, or religion. An individual with a prejudiced attitude has a very conservative mind, which leads to giving negative expressions to the other person.
• The concepts of Discrimination: The concept of discrimination refers to treating someone differently in front of others. An individual with a discriminatory attitude is not always good for others, they make others feel low and down to the individual by comparing to age, height, skin color, status, and nature of living. In some cases, discrimination plays a good role, such as based on different wages depending on their skills or talent.

Argument with scientific studies

A. Presentation of scientific studies

As per the recent research and argument on presentation of scientific studies on self-perception theory is a theory of psychology that suggests that people form opinions of themselves by observing their behavior and drawing inferences from those observations. This theory was first developed by a famous psychologist (Allchin, et al. 2022, p.12). The day has since become an important part of psychology and social science research. Self-perception theory also suggests that the same process can be used along with how people sometimes act in ways that are inconsistent with their attitude. In this case, self-perception theory has been applied to a variety of topics in psychology, such as attitude, social perception, and decision-making. It has been properly used to explain why people sometimes decide to exaggerate jazz as their type of art and they simply observe to hear more than other types (Compton et al., 2021, p. 12602).

The functional theory is often used to explain the structure and functioning of complex social systems such as government education and orderly and stable that operates to meet the needs of individuals in society and religion (Moore et al. 2022, p.15). It is based on the idea that all social systems have certain functions that are necessary for their system to continue. These functions are usually related to the maintenance of stability, and order and the social system must be organized and corporate with each other to meet. These goals each part of the system must meet in conjunction with the other to ensure that the entire system operates effectively.

Social-judgment theory: However this theory explains the arguments theorem ideas thinking’s and by explaining the descriptive illustrative or by theorizing and supposition about why and how human beings of societies element or organizational (Aghbolagh, et al.2022, p18). Structure of arrangements of such societies being formed develops and changes over time and disappears

B. Evaluate strengths and weakness of theories

The strength Theories of attitude theory are an important tool used by psychologists to predict and explain (Kurdi, et al.2022, p.22). How people think and behave. The theory of attitude explains how people form and maintain and change their attitudes and how these attitudes affect their behavior. Along with these, the strength of attitude theory lies in its ability to explain and other abilities to specify positive views and open and gives positive aspects and change the perspective and enhance many skills like leader skill, communication skill, leadership skill, and analytical skill. the strength of aptitude theories lies in their ability to explain and predict behavior. Attitude theory offers an explanation for why people behave the way they do It will help psychologists to understand why people; have certain attitudes and how these can affect their behavior. This understanding can help psychology to involve an intervention to help people to change their behavior

Weakness in Theories of Attitude; attitude theory has some weaknesses one of the main weaknesses of attitude theory is that it is limited in its ability to predict behavior. Attitude theory does not take into account another factor that may influence behavior (Arnesson, et al.2022,p25). In this significant are like social pressure, personal value, and other environmental factors. Another weakness of attitude theory is that it did not explain. Attitude theory assumes that attitudes are formed through direct experiences or by learning. However, this does not explain why some people have a certain attitude and not others. Finally, attitude theory does not address the issue of how to change people's attitudes \ while attitude theory can explain why people have certain attitudes. It does not explain how to change these attitudes. It properly means that attitude theory is limited in its ability to help psychologists to develop an intervention to change people's behavior and attitude (Shin et al. 2022, p.104428).

C. Give example related to the real world

In the above of this report, there are three types of theories of attitude are explained, now it can be explained with related to the real world such as:

• An example of self-perception theory is when a person decides that listening to music is their favorite habit then they do listen to music rather than watching movies or web series (Mohebi, et al. 2022, p.18). In this theory, an individual makes their attitude by observing their interest in anything.
• An example of the functional theory is, the government provides free education to the children in the family, which in the future will turn to the government in the mode of tax when those children start earning income.
• An example of the social-judgment theory is that an individual watches lots of advertisements on television or on phones but that individual makes their decision only by their social judgment that which product is right for their health or which is dangerous.

These are the three examples that is based on the theory of attitude, which can be related to the real world.

Conclusion

This report is prepared to explain the theory of attitude, explain the types of attitudes that developed among people. This report shows the result of how the positive attitude or negative attitude does affect other individuals. This report has discussed the different types of concepts such as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination that exist in society. This report makes a relation between the theories of attitude with their scientific studies. In this report, the weakness and the strength of the theories are also explained wisely. At last, this report stands to give an explanation related to the real world.

Referencing list

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