In the diabetes care setting, person-centered nursing can help more than treating a condition. As a nurse, evolving with this approach means understanding the patient specific requirements, choices, and empowerment of each patient. It involves creating a trustworthy bond, considering their strengths, and developing care plans that synchronise with their values (Rutten, Van Vugt & de Koning, 2020). Person-centered care in diabetes nursing is about showing empathy, encouraging empowerment, and personalisation—a commitment to not just help with the condition, but to provide the overall quality of life and well-being of those under care plan.
This essay highlights person-centered care (PCC) in nursing for diabetes, considering the affecting factors:). By discussing these facts, the essay aims to elaborate the significance of a personalised, empathetic care plan that respects individual choices, thereby enhancing diabetes describing the practice, diagnosis, specified care planning, motivating patients through health education and engagement, cultural diversity, and evaluating results (Trout, McCool & Homko, 2019management and ensuring well-being.
This essay targets to describe the multifaceted scenario of PCC in diabetes nursing through by using an individual case study. It will discuss the determinants of health influencing health beliefs and needs, considering literature on personalised care and informed decision-making. By exploring bio-psychosocial factors affecting health and wellbeing across the lifespan, the essay will enlighten how nursing care is provided across diverse areas.
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Sarah, a 45-year-old lady working as a marketing executive, was diagnosed with symptoms of elevated thirst, fatigue and frequent urination for the past few months. Concerned about her condition, she visited the primary care physician for a check up. Sarah lives in a urban premises in the UK, where she can get benefits of urban lifestyle and also it is easily accessible to her workplace. Her neighbourhood has different types of lifestyle facilities, including fast-food stores, super markets, and easy access to public transportation. After a thorough check up and some blood tests, she was tested with Type 2 diabetes.
Background: Sarah has a hectic professional life, as she has to work late sometimes and manage high-stress situations. Her eating habits are mainly consists of fast food diet, processed foods due to lack of time for cooking. She goes to the gym sometimes; however her physical activity has reduced significantly over the last one and half years due to work pressure. She has genetic aspects here as well as she has a family history of T2D, with both her parents living with this disease.
Health Beliefs and Needs: She was initially scared and stressed about her health issue. Sarah's main concern in this case was about managing her health while coping up to her tight work schedule. She feels overwhelmed by the changes in her food habit and is unable to include daily exercise into her routine. She values her independence and is worried about any treatment plan that might a barrier to maintain professional life.
Bio-Psychosocial Factors: Sarah's health condition impacts her emotionally as well. She is going through stress and anxiety about the possible health issues due of diabetes and worries about her work life balance which is top most priority now. She also regrets for her lifestyle choices and their impact on her health.
Health and Health Priority
Sarah's health is noticeably impacted by her recent diagnosis of diabetes. Her main health priority now is based on identifying and managing this health problem while maintaining her stressful work culture. This requires adhering to given medicines, along with changing food habits despite limited healthy food availability in her neighbourhood, and involving in exercise on a daily basis (Connor et al. 2019). Achieving glycemic balance is a target point to reduce diabetes level and maintain overall health and well-being.
Creating a sustainable lifestyle is Sarah's top health objective, in addition to treating her early symptoms. She is looking for ways to successfully integrate diabetes control into her everyday life in order to strike a balance between her profession and her health. She has to pay close attention to stress management and mental health practices. Her top concern is preventing health problems associated with diabetes. It is imperative that she has routine health check-ups to monitor her blood sugar levels, maintain a healthy body mass index, and successfully manage her blood sugar levels to mitigate potential hazards such as nerve damage and cardiovascular difficulties (Skovlund et al. 2019).
Social Determinants of Health
Socioeconomic Status: In this case, Sarah's profession of marketing executive has a major influence on her health. Due to her hectic schedule and stressful work she has not access to healthy diet and she is not involved in daily workout as well which are two most important things to maintain a healthy life (as per the discussion of Brorsson et al. 2019). Along with this it can be stated, because of her financial situation, she does not have access to resources such as different diabetes control programmes and alternative diets.
Neighbourhood and surroundings: Although living in an urban location is effective, there are issues as well. Sarah's does not have easy access to fresh, healthy food alternatives which are important for a balanced diet (as discussed by Schimmer et al. 2019).
Healthcare Access: In terms of healthcare access, this area is effective. This area has high and easy access to the healthcare opportunities however, the treatment cost is higher. This is an obstacle for Sarah to get access to the personalised care and management programs.
Social Support Networks: Sarah's ability to fully involve in her diagnosis is impacted by her social surroundings as well. Support from peers and families could significantly impact her to embrace the treatment plans and lifestyle choices.
Education and Health Literacy: Sarah's health literacy level and knowledge of diabetes management specifically affect her ability to manage her condition. Access to proper knowledge, resources, and information can help her to make informed decisions about her health.
Identifying and understanding these social determinants of health in Sarah's case is important for holistic diabetes care. It includes not only providing treatments but also understanding the underlying factors that influence her ability to manage her health issues within the constraints of her social ambiance (Anastasi & Klug, 2021). By considering these factors, healthcare professionals can develop interventions that synchronise with Sarah's situation, fostering effective diabetes management and quality of life.
Sarah's healthcare access was initiated by the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes and its diagnosis after thorough check-up. This chronic health condition develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin hormone or does not produce enough insulin to balance normal blood glucose levels. For Sarah, the symptoms were increased thirst, elevated urination rates and fatigue which indicated T2D (Anastasi & Klug, 2021). Type 2 diabetes generally results from genetic reasons and lifestyle factors. In Sarah's case, both of these factors were responsible as both of her parents have diabetes and also she leads an unhealthy lifestyle due to her stressful work schedule.
The main health concern with diabetes is the inability of the body to effectively regulate blood glucose levels. Significantly elevated blood sugar levels can cause various complications that affect the heart, nerves, eyes, blood vessels, and kidneys over time. Sarah's symptoms led her to take medical evaluation, and proper medication (based on the discussion of van Vugt, De Koning & Rutten, 2019). The goal of healthcare interventions for diabetes is controlling blood glucose levels through healthy lifestyle, medications, and routine monitoring. Apart from that, it is important for the patients to have diabetes management knowledge to avoid complications. T2D is a chronic condition that requires ongoing healthcare involvement for proper management, prevention of risks, and mental support in leading healthy lives.
Bio-Psychosocial Determinants
In this case, different bio-psychosocial determinants significantly impacted the development and management the situation:
Biological Factors
Genetics: Sarah's family history of diabetes has a huge contribution in this case as both of her parents have diabetes and this is hereditary.
Metabolic Health: Her body's reduced ability to produce insulin impacts glucose levels in her blood, contributing development of Type 2 diabetes (Wilson, 2021).
Psychological Factors
Stress and Mental Well-being: These are the two biggest factors in developing diabetes. Sarah's long time work and high-stress levels have a significant impact on her body's ability to regulate blood glucose levels.
Coping Mechanisms: Sarah is going through emotional breakdown due to her sudden diagnosis of diabetes. She is having anxiety and guilt regarding her lifestyle, and this is going to impact her management plans and adherence to the treatment (based on discussion of Stenov, 2019).
Understanding and acknowledging these bio-psychosocial determinants are important in developing a personalised care plan for Sarah's circumstances. It includes not only medications but also support systems from peers and families along with strategies that consider her psychological, biological, social, and environmental factors to effectively manage her health condition.
Effective and Compassionate Person (family) Centred Care (PCC)
Person-centered care is a holistic practice that considers the individual as the focal point of their healthcare journey. It is a philosophy that addresses the needs and uniqueness of each person, valuing their choices, requirements, and past experiences (de Wit et al. 2020). This approach provides more than the mere treatment of specific health conditions, showing empathy, trust, and developing collaboration between healthcare practitioners, patients, and their families.
There are several principles which are followed for PCC. Those are as follows:
Respect for Individuality: PCC considers that each patient is unique, considering their cultures, values, choices, and social background. It involves precisely listening to the patient and their family, addressing their roles in their own lives, and using their perspectives into the personalised care plan.
Empathy and Compassion: These are other major factors in case of PCC as this can help in developing a trustworthy relationship. Experts practicing PCC show empathy by understanding and addressing the emotional and psychological factors of the patient that they have experienced in their lifetime (Asmat et al. 2022). Compassion ensures the delivery of care that is supporting the patient's guilt, and anxieties.
Collaborative Partnership: PCC ensures a collaborative relationship between healthcare practitioners, the patients, and their families. It helps in informed decision-making for the treatment, where patients can be actively involved in choosing their care plans, treatment choices, and goals, motivating them to take charge of their health (Hsu, Lee, & Wang, 2023).
Holistic Approach: PCC prioritises the patient as individual personnel, considering not only the physical health but also their psychological, emotional, and social aspects. It involves analysing the psychosocial aspects that impact health results and developing care plans accordingly.
Continuity and Coordination: Effective PCC encompasses thorough and coordinated care across multiple healthcare settings and practices. It provides specific communication within healthcare practitioners and is effective to provide smooth transitions and informed care.
The benefits of PCC's engagement include its favourable effects on patient outcomes, satisfaction, and the provision of high-quality, informed treatment. Research has demonstrated that PCC improves health outcomes, increases patient happiness, and increases patients' adherence to treatment protocols. Adding family-centered care to the PCC framework makes it even more successful. Family members often play a vital role in a patient's healthcare journey, offering support, providing valuable information about the patient's history and preferences, and participating in decision-making processes (based on discussion of Hsu, Lee, & Wang, 2023). Involving family members in care discussions and planning fosters a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's needs and preferences. For example, in chronic conditions like T2D, involving the family members of the patient in educational sessions and healthy lifestyle practices can significantly impact the adherence of the patient to treatment and lifestyle aspects. Family support in treatment adherence, diet planning, and motivation for physical exercise can contribute specifically to the patient's health and well-being.
Implementing impactful and supportive PCC includes a change in the healthcare culture, prioritising the importance of patient-centeredness in every step of care setting. This enlightens the needs of ongoing health education and patient training programs for healthcare professionals to develop skills in communication, respect, cultural acceptance, and informed decision-making (Lafontaine, Bourgault & Ellefsen, 2022).
Hence, it can be stated that effective PCC, when included with family-centered principles, can provide a holistic care that prioritise individuality, ensure collaboration, and evaluate the diverse requirements of patients and their families. It not only motivates patient outcomes in a good way and provide satisfaction but also develops a healthy environment centered on compassion, trust, and patient empowerment.
Patient-Centered Care for Sarah
In case of Sarah, PCC in helping her with Type 2 diabetes should include a tailored process that identifies her unique needs, choices, and her situation. Initially, effective PCC for Sarah was included with acknowledging her stressful work life and designing a diabetes-care plan that matches with her professional activities (Lafontaine, Bourgault & Ellefsen, 2022). This could include flexible timing for appointment scheduling, virtual assistance, or providing learning materials that helps her to follow up within her busy schedule.
Apart from that, it is important to comprehend the obstacles she has with her eating habits in her metropolitan existence. A person-centered approach is included with consulting nutritionist to create a diet plan that includes her time management obstacles and offers healthier options. It's also difficult to diagnose Sarah's psychological factors, stressful work, her anxiety regarding her health issues, and emotional condition. According to Schimmer et al. (2019), PCC should include treatments for managing excessive stress, providing emotional support, and creating an atmosphere that can help her to state her issues freely.
It would also be important to discuss with her family and close friends about her care plan. The aim to encouraging her to follow the care plan and helping her in managing the healthcare methods may be gained by providing health care knowledge for diabetes management training. In PCC, it is essential to empower the patient with information about her health, include her in planning of the treatment, and promoting self-management (as discussed by Skovlund et al. 2019). In this case, Sarah’s participation should be assured by providing her with important tools and resources. Her psychological well-being will be considered as well while treating her physical issues. Her choices and values should be prioritised while developing specialed treatment plan for her as an important part of patient-centered care.
Person-Centered Nursing Care
In order to support Sarah with her health issue, following PCC, nurses should create treatment strategies to analyse the causes to the issue (based on the discussion of Connor et al. 2019). The personalised nursing care for Sarah is expected to emphasise flexible treatment choices where she can get easy access to healthcare resources. Another motto of this plan is to sync with her tight work schedules, the obstacles of her living condition, her family history, and psychological breakdowns she is having after the diagnosis. This includes scheduling doctor appointments as per her time and availability. This can help to manage her work aspects and apart from that providing telehealth services for consultations are another great option in this case.
Considering Sarah's social and cultural insights, nursing treatment should incorporate healthcare training aimed to develop her knowledge. Practices from nursing care can help in PCC show the effectiveness of cooperation, respect, and individualised treatment. The life history and cultural aspects should be considered by the nurses in order to follow the PCC guidelines while taking care of the patient. According to Anastasi & Klug (2021), PCC research is totally based on the importance of making sound decision. By collaborating with the patient to develop care plans nurses can show respect to her values and prioritise her in her treatment plan. This will motivate the patient and encourage her to adhere to the care plan.
“Person-centered nursing care” can be fruitful in improving Sarah's lifestyle in addition to treating her diabetes. Based on the discussion of de Wit et al. (2020), nurse have to go through the reports of Sarah to know about her life and her practices. This can help in avoiding the unwanted disrespect to her thoughts. This process provides a mental satisfaction to the patient which is as important as the physical ease to response to the treatment. When the patient is involved within the treatment emotionally the chances of health recovery is higher.
Conclusion
In this section it can be concluded that PCC in managing T2D for the chosen case provides a in depth understanding of personalised healthcare system that provides the effective treatment of any disease. The discussion is completely focused to PCC which includes different social determinants of health, physical aspects, and patient centered practices, providing vital insights into impactful care plan. In this case, biological, psychological, social, and environmental, factors have been considered as the determinants of health which helps in understanding the factors that have impact on patient causes of the disease. Understanding these determinants is important in designing perosnalised care plans that will satisfy her mental and physical health needs while coping up with her work life situation.
On the other hand, while going through Sarah's health aspects and cultural factors it changed the perspective of practitioners about her current health situation and the care she gets. PCC is all about respecting and coping with these thoughts, considering how she will accept the care plan and how it will change her lifestyle gradually. In order to develop an effective treatment, the most important thing is to communicate with the patient to understand her issue. Having thorough conversations with the patient, are able to understand patient’s health issues and their lifestyles. This insight helps in the development of personalised care plans that respect patients’ beliefs, promoting their active involvement and initiating sustainable behavioural changes.
Furthermore, it can be concluded from here that, person-cantered care in diabetes management needs proper healthcare education and support from family that aligns with the patient's daily lives. It helps in developing informed decision-making, allowing individuals to specifically participate in acknowledging different treatment processes and lifestyle management that cope up with their choices and health situation. Person-specified care in case of diabetes management nursing requires a thorough analysis of the patient’s needs and there values. In this case, the most important thing is to understand that every patient is different. Maybe the disease is the same but the requirements of each patient are different and they should be provided with an individual care plan. In case of Sarah, it is suggested to provide her with a personalised care plan involving her family and encouraging her for self development.
References
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