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To successfully design and implement the online booking and research system, process modeling is very essential. Process modeling is generally considered as a graphical representation of workflows. Software processes are generally the activities to design, implement and also test a software system. A software process model is considered as the abstraction related to the development process of software. The stages are specified by the models and also order of a specific process. By the software process model the following aspects will be defined such as the task that is going to be performed, input as well as output of every task, pre along with post condition of every task, also the sequence and flow of every task. The major objective of the software process model is to give guidance for coordinating along with controlling the tasks for achieving the end product as well as objectives. There are various types of process models to meet different requirements. These models are generally known as SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) models. The most effective, essential and popular SDLC models are Waterfall model, V model, Iterative model, Agile model, Spiral model, Prototype model etc.
It is also very important to choose the right software process model for fulfilling the requirements of the given project.
In this scenario, to design and develop the online booking and research system, agile model and Waterfall model will be appropriate for successful implementation of the system.
Agile process model can be essential and effective for this system development, as this model generally refers to the approach of software development depending on the iterative development. In this model, the developers have to be analytically strong, knowledgeable, collaborative and also collated. This project with an agile model generally involves the clients regularly. It is very essential in the development field of software based projects, as a lightweight framework is always offered by this process model that can help the development team to deal with the technical as well as functional landscape. The incremental along with iterative nature of this process model will allow the changes effectively. In an agile team, customers are considered as the customers are included in the agile projects in all essential activities.
The project management of Agile is evolutionary as well as adaptive, but also there are some more major characteristics that will be necessary for developing this online research and booking system. The general characteristics of this software process model are mentioned below by which the project of developing online booking and research system can be designed and developed successfully:
Customer satisfaction always has major priority in the project management of agile software process model. The end users also have effective role in this process, with the provided feedback to project team; the quality related to the final product can be improved.
The delivery time regarding the agile project is more predictable and also this process has the capability of reducing the time between planning process and also product delivery, by this advantage the functional software system of the project can be developed in shorter amount of time.
Continuous Adaption, Also if there is any necessity of changing to fulfill the asked requirements, then it is possible to work on the requirements without a re-start.
This project management has major focus on cooperation and also collaboration.
As there is an involvement of the end users directly in this process, and also because those end users are capable of seeing the continuous improvement and development of the system, a greater level of transparency is offered by the project management.
In the project management of agile software process model, the main principle is to test regularly and also frequently. By the integration of regular testing, the problems and errors can be rectified and also solved quickly, so the online booking system will be developed without error fluently.
Also in the methodology of agile software process model, there is a sequential approach to the project management. The structure importance will be highlighted by this model, as the design process will be done in a step by step procedure, every part of the development can be completed with proper necessities and without error.
Also in this online booking system, there are various features that are required to be successfully implemented inside the system, such as various facilities and services, so by using agile software process model, this project can be divided into some manageable units, by which the developers are able to focus to develop and test high quality code in different parts of the system. There are some phases in the agile model such as Requirements Gathering, requirements design, iteration, testing along with quality assurance, deployment and also feedback.
The advantages of agile software process model is discussed below,
It can increase the flexibility with a fast failure mindset; there are various opportunities in this entire process for reprioritizing as well as reorganizing the tasks offering greater flexibility for the development team. Because of this teams can be more productive as they can focus on giving their best efforts on the essential and effective tasks.
Also this process model can improve team collaboration, by following the principles of this model, more open lines regarding communication have been found to communicate with the team owners as well as with the client.
Another effective advantage of this process model is it has the ability to complete the project quicker. So by utilizing this model, the implementation of the online booking and research system can be completed quickly.
With high team collaboration and also open lines regarding communication, the team members can easily get the view of the entire process of the system that is why there is a greater level of transparency. Overall, this software process model is able to help in reducing technical debt, customer satisfaction can be improved and also high quality products can be delivered, so by the utilization of this model, the system can be designed and also implemented with less technical error and also customers can be satisfied by this system. Also there are some more advantages in this model, this model continuously gives attention to good design and also technical excellence of the system, also if late changes are required inside the system, and it can be solved with this process model.
The disadvantage of Agile software process model, is if sufficient necessary designing documentation is not provided, then the project went off track and there is a failure in finding the appropriate outcome, also only the senior and experienced programmers are able to take decisions, which are needed during the development process, so there is no place for new programmers.
Another important software process model that can be utilized for successfully designing and developing this online booking and research system is the waterfall process model. The workflow for the software development of this system is organized by this model through distinctive phase series. The first stage is the analysis of the requirements, the detailed necessities and also requirements of the entire online booking system that will be developed will be gathered from the stakeholders as well as the client. In the next step system design, the programming language along with databases needs to be planned. The next stage is implementation, where the software can be built and all the requirements of the previous stages have to be implemented. Then in the system testing phase, the software needs to be tested for confirming that the software is built by following the proper provided specification by the client. The next two phases are deployment and lastly maintenance.
In this online booking system, waterfall software process model can be utilized as, the requirements are very specific and also clear of the online booking and research system and also they are not going to be changed frequently, the application is not complicated and also the environment for the development of this system is stable, and for implementing this system the essential techniques and tools are also stable and not dynamic. The online booking system consists of various requirements of different services and features, so this process model is very much appropriate for this, as each stage of this process model has a specific start and also ends, so the implementation of each and every part of the system can be completed with very less technical error.
Another important software process model in the development of software systems is the spiral process model. The main focus related to the spiral model is for analyzing risks. The phases regarding spiral model consist of planning, engineering, risk analysis and also evaluation.
In this development and implementation of the online booking and research system, spiral process model is suitable, as this model is applicable for complex as well as large projects, and also it is appropriate for a project, that needs constant risk analysis, in the given case scenario, continuous risk analysis in not necessary, also the part of the risk analysis expert employees might be required and that is why it will fail to follow the time management schedule, and take a long time. Also as this model is mainly based on the risk, customer involvement in this model is very high, which is not necessary for implementing the online booking system.
With compared to waterfall model, it can be concluded that spiral model is generally risk based process model generator for software systems where as is a sequential design approach that is linear for developing the software projects, also waterfall process model is less complex and simple, that can be developed and implemented for successful implementation of the software. Also in the spiral model, excessive documentation is required for the intermediate stages. Also in this methodology, time estimation is very much tough, so the project cannot be done in time. Also the spiral process model is more costly than the waterfall model. Also agile process model is more suitable than spiral model as it divides the project into small phases and each part can be developed properly with less technical error, whereas spiral model is mainly based on the risk analysis, so in the development process of the software system it has less focus.
So for successful implementation of this online booking and research system, waterfall and agile process model is much more suitable and appropriate.
Task 2
For the proper fulfillment of the different organizational goals, there needs to be proper consideration of the different performance metrics. These metrics will help in the suitable increase in the performance for this University massively. “Software development lifecycle” will be greatly enhanced through the application of the agile models and waterfall models that will help in the considerable decrease in the time and money on a large scale. Based on these aspects and also making a proper focus on the case scenario, there must be a proper inclusion of the four significant metrics that will help in meeting the project estimation for this University accordingly. Questions are raised on the four aspects that are as follows:
Proper increase in the project productivity within the stipulated time: For making clarification about the time taken for accomplishing the tasks, the productivity metrics must be assigned.
Progress measurement for each project stage: This involves the use of “agile process metrics” that include velocity, cycle time and lead time.
Testing for acceptance: This involves the usage of test metrics that include production defects, automated tests percentage and code coverage. This will help in the considerable increase in the software quality massively.
Proper running and operation: For this aspect, there needs to be consideration of operational metrics that will include “Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) and Mean Time to Recover (MTTR)” for staff operation and also software performance for production.
References
Journals
Rahim, S., Chowdhury, A.E., Nandi, D., Rahman, M. and Hakim, S., 2018. ScrumFall: a hybrid software process model. International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science, 10, pp.41-48.
Hao, L., Zhang, J. and Ma, X., 2019, July. Development Trend of Software Process Model. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 569, No. 5, p. 052077). IOP Publishing.
Andrei, B.A., Casu-Pop, A.C., Gheorghe, S.C. and Boiangiu, C.A., 2019. A study on using waterfall and agile methods in software project management. Journal Of Information Systems & Operations Management, pp.125-135.
Lawal, A. and Ogbu, R.C., 2021. A Comparative Analysis of Agile And Waterfall Software Development Methodologies. BAKOLORI JOURNAL OF GENERAL STUDIES, 11(2), pp.1-2.
Vijayalakshmi, M., Bhandiwad, A., Mellikeri, K. and Nagesh, P., 2018. Transition from conventional to Agile process model An Experience Report. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations.
Basir, N.F., Kasim, S., Hassan, R., Mahdin, H., Ramli, A., Fudzee, M.F.M. and Salamat, M.A., 2018. Sweet8bakery booking system. Acta Electronica Malaysia, 2(2), pp.14-19.
Salve, S.M., Samreen, S.N. and Khatri-Valmik, N., 2018. A Comparative Study of Software Development Life Cycle Models. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(02), pp.696-700.
Nawaz, Z., Aftab, S. and Anwer, F., 2017. Simplified FDD Process Model. International Journal of Modern Education & Computer Science, 9(9).
Anwer, F., Aftab, S., Waheed, U. and Muhammad, S.S., 2017. Agile software development models tdd, fdd, dsdm, and crystal methods: A survey. International journal of multidisciplinary sciences and engineering, 8(2), pp.1-10.
Ashraf, S. and Aftab, S., 2017. IScrum: An Improved Scrum Process Model. International Journal of Modern Education & Computer Science, 9(8).
