Research methods are defined as the elements which are used to complete the study and attain the objectives of the research. It is very necessary for the researcher that they effectively select appropriate research methods so that the objectives of the study can be attained well. The current chapter will outline the various methods used by the researcher to analyse the success story of Sainsbury's supply chain management.
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The type of research is referred to as the way within which the work is accomplished. This is very necessary for the researcher to select the research type efficiently and effectively. The researcher must select the appropriate method so that the objectives of the study can be attained properly. In general, there are two different types which can be used that is qualitative and quantitative research (Lê and Schmid, 2022). The former relates to the study which includes only non-numeric information so that the attributes relating to the study can be analysed and objectives can be attained well. On the other side, the latter involves using numeric information, facts and figures for the effective working of the study and attainment of the objective of the study. With regards to the analysis of the success story of Sainsbury concerning innovation in logistics and supply chain, the use of qualitative study will be included. This is about the fact that the use of attributes and non-numeric information relating to the study will be assisting the researcher in analysing the success story of the company and trying to attain the objectives of the study.
Research approach
The approach of research is referred to as the various methods which are used in selecting the research methods appropriately. For the study to be successful effective research methods must be selected. For selecting the appropriate methods, there are two different types of approaches which can be used that is the inductive and deductive approaches. The inductive is that one which focuses on setting up aims and objectives relating to the study and working on it. On the other side, the deductive approach includes setting up of hypothesis and then working on proving the hypothesis correct (McGill and et.al., 2021). In the current study, which is an analysis of innovation in the logistics and supply chain of Sainsbury, the use of inductive approach is used. The reason for the selection of this approach is that it will provide a base for the researcher to work efficiently on proving the objectives correct. This approach is very necessary as it will guide the researcher to work efficiently and attain the objectives correctly.
Research philosophy
Philosophy of research is defined as the beliefs and values which underlie the selection of any of the research methods. There are different types of methods of research which can be used. Hence, for this, it is very necessary for the researcher that they select the methods appropriately so that objectives can be attained. Interpretivism and positivism are the two philosophies from which researchers can select any for the study. Interpretivism is the one which focuses on working on the aim and objectives set (Camacho and et.al., 2020). Whereas, positivism is the one which focuses on gathering factual information relating to the research topic and proving the hypothesis correct. To complete the study on the innovation within the supply chain and logistics of Sainsbury, the use of an inductive approach is used. The reason underlying the fact is that this type of philosophy is more appropriate in the case of qualitative study and it will assist the researcher in attaining the objectives in a better way.
Data collection
For the successful completion of the study, effective data must be used in the study. This is about the fact that when the data selected for the study will not be appropriate then it will be affecting the efficiency of the study. The data can be gathered from two different sources that are primary and secondary. The primary source is the one wherein first-hand information is gathered directly from the participant. On the other side, the secondary source of the information includes gathering older data and information relating to the study. To complete the study on the success story of Sainsbury about innovation in supply chain and logistics, the use of secondary sources of data is undertaken (Bougie and Sekaran, 2019). The reason for the selection of a secondary source of data for gathering information is that it will provide already-used data and it will be more reliable and helpful in gathering data. This data is gathered with the help of books, journals, articles and other scholarly writings relating to the research topic. Also, the use of a secondary source of information is helpful for the successful completion of the study as it will provide more authentic and accurate information relating to the topic area.
Data analysis
After gathering the appropriate data it is very necessary for the researcher that they effectively use the data to attain the research objectives. It is very necessary for the researcher that they effectively undertake the use of proper analysis tools so that the work can be managed in a better and effective way. For evaluating the data, the researcher can use two different methods that are thematic and use SPSS. The thematic method of evaluating the data includes making themes out of objectives and then doing an in-depth analysis of the study. On the other hand, SPSS is a statistical software which assists the researcher in evaluating the numeric data by using different statistical techniques (Liamputtong, 2020). To evaluate the success story of Sainsbury about the supply chain and logistics use of thematic analysis is used. This is particularly used by the researcher as it assists the researcher in evaluating the different objectives in-depth and also helps in developing wider knowledge relating to the research topic.
Research limitation
With the help of the study, it is clear that the research needs to be conducted well. This is about the fact that when a study is conducted then there are many different limitation which affects the working and successful completion of the study. The major limitation faced by the researcher while conducting the study was limited time. The timeframe provided for working and completing the study is very limited. This limited time affected the completion of the study but the researcher with the help of good time management skills managed to complete the study well on time (Harris and et.al., 2019). This is particularly necessary because when the study will be completed timely then there will be some time to recheck the study and this will provide a base to the researcher in accomplishing the objectives well. Along with this another limitation of working on the study was that the budget provided was also very less for the study. But with good allocation skills, the researcher tried to manage the limited finance and allocated well in every activity of the research.
For the study to be successful, all the work must be done ethically. This is about the fact that when the work is done ethically then it will create a much better result. The major ethical aspect to be considered within the secondary study is to ensure that all the data selected for the study is not too old. The reason underlying the fact is that using too old data will not be providing the actual outcome and the study will not be good. In addition to this, another ethical aspect to be followed and used by the researcher is to use data from copyright sources only. The use of copyright sources helps make the study much more authentic because the use of copyright sources implies that the study is authentic and is using the appropriate data which helps attain the objectives of the business. Along with this, it is also ensured by the researcher that there is proper confidentiality is being maintained by them. This is essential as many a time the researcher uses some data which need not be disclosed. Hence, concerning this, the researcher has maintained confidentiality with the data and the outcome of the study.
Reliability and validity
For the study to be successful the study must include all the reliable and valid steps and data. The reason underlying this fact is that when the study will not be using reliable sources then it will be affecting the efficiency of the study and the intended outcome will not be generated. To manage the reliability of the data, the researcher has ensured that they have used only the sources which are having copyright. These copyright sources are the one which outlines that all the data used within the article is correct and authentic (Vaughn and Jacquez, 2020). Further proper references are being provided within the study to make it more accurate and reliable. In addition to this, all the latest data has been used within the study as it will be providing a good set of data for evaluating the research topic well. For this, the researcher has selected and used the data after 2019 only and not beyond that. All the latest data is used for the study as in case the researcher undertakes the use of older data then it might be possible that it does not provide a clear view of the research problem.
Conclusion
In the end, it is concluded that making use of appropriate research methods is very important for the study to become successful. The effective use of research methods assists the researcher in conducting the study well and attaining all the objectives in an intended manner. The above research methods section highlighted that the use of secondary sources is good for the study to be completed well. Also, the use of thematic analysis helped complete the study well and attain the objectives in a better way.
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Theme 1- Understanding relating to innovation, logistics and supply chain
In the views of Adivar, Hüseyino?lu and Christopher (2019) Innovation is defined as bringing in something new so that it attracts a large number of consumers for the product and services. For working within a competitive environment companies must innovate effectively. This is necessary as continuous innovation will be helping the company in developing and modifying the product and services to the requirement of consumers. This is very necessary as it will help the company in knowing what the consumer is requiring and with regards to this, changes can be made. To remain active in the highly competitive market the company must try to innovate time-to-time. This is very necessary because there are many different changes taking place in the external environment and the requirement of the consumers. Hence, they need to research continuously within the external market and try to implement these changes effectively within the business.
Further logistics, is defined as the management of the supply chain and the transportation for delivering goods from one place to another. This is very necessary for the company they effectively manage the logistics so that proper material can be provided to the consumers on time. This logistics includes different features like storing the material, packaging, distribution, delivering the goods and many other different steps. All these aspects are very essential for the researcher in managing the work effectively (Subramanian and et.al., 2020). Concerning Sainsbury, the company is focusing on the management of logistics effectively. This is a very necessary reason that without the use of effective logistics, the company cannot operate effectively. These logistics assist Sainsbury in managing the work in a better and more effective manner and try to attain the objectives of the company effectively.
In accordance with Subramanian, Chaudhuri and Kay?kc?, (2020), supply chain management is very important for the company to manage production effectively. The SCM is a concept which includes managing the flow of goods and services that involves the process of transforming the raw materials within the finished goods. For companies to work effectively they must manage their supply properly and effectively so that the work can be managed well and it will assist the company in improving the working efficiency of the business. A good supply chain will help the company in managing the work and try to attain the objectives of the business. This supply chain will be providing a base for the company for ordering the material and try to improve it so that production can be done properly and try to improve the performance further.
In the views of Liu, (2023) stated that regarding supply chain management, Sainsbury is working effectively to improve the working efficiency of the company. The reason underlying the fact is that it provides a base for the company for improving the management of material in the company and try to produce the finished goods well. This supply chain management is important for Sainsbury as it helps the company in reducing operating costs. The reason underlying this fact is that effective supply chain management will be assisting Sainsbury in managing the work in a better and more effective way. Also, this will be helping the company in managing all the operational activity on time and this assist in reducing the cost of the company in a better and more effective way.
Theme 2- Steps and strategies used by Sainsbury for innovation in supply chain and logistics
With regards to Sainsbury, the company is complying with innovation within the supply chain and logistics in a better and more effective way. The reason underlying this fact is that when the working will be made by the supply chain then this will help the company in effectively making the strategies in a much more effective way (Fernie, 2023). Also, compliance with effective supply chain management will be helping the company in managing all the supplies appropriately. This is particularly for the reason that it will help the company in managing all the raw materials till they are converted into finished goods. Sainsbury is continuously working in the direction of managing the supply chain effectively and will assist in developing the chain in a better and more effective manner.
The supply chain is also of importance for Sainsbury as it will provide a base for the company for taking effective decisions. The company is complying with effective supply chain management so that the work can be managed properly and effectively. This effective supply chain management and good logistics will be helping the company in managing and transporting the goods from one place to another. In case this process will be followed correctly then this will be helping the company in managing all the resources and supplies correctly. This is very necessary for Sainsbury that they effectively manage all the raw materials so that the work can be measured properly and effectively.
Sainsbury is a company which is continuously working on effectively managing the supply chain. This is focused by the company as they know the importance of managing the supply chain and this will help the company in managing and improving its performance. The company brings the material from over 70 countries and the major criteria for selecting the supplier is the quality of the product. The company focuses on the quality of its products and as a result of this, the finished good is of superior quality. Along with this the company has also invested in British farming and as a result of this, they get all the organic and good quality products which makes the final product of superior quality. Furthermore, concerning logistics, the company is 24/7 delivering different products and services which they provide to the consumer (Furstenau and et.al., 2022). These services include delivering fresh foods, general merchandising and groceries from the suppliers to the ultimate consumers. For this, the company is undertaking the help of Argo’s unique hub and also spoke logistics for providing the material to the related place.
The company was facing many different challenges in supply chain management and logistics. Hence, this affected the working of the company and as a result of this efficiency of the business was affected. This resulted in a reduction in the working efficiency of the business and also the sales declined as there was no delivery of goods on time. This in turn affected the working capability of the company. The company was facing the issue of handling a large volume of data relating to supply. The company was not in a position to handle the real-time data access and their connection with the different databases relating to logistics and supply chain.
To overcome the issue relating to data management, the company focused on selecting Confluent which is the latest source of data management. This is a type of software which assist the company in managing the data and trying to be the backbone for digital transformation. This software provided the company with a pipeline relating to real-time data. This software also assists Sainsbury in managing the stock and allows the company to set an event trigger. This event trigger is a concept wherein as any particular thing happens then automatically the order is provided (Sainsbury’s Revolutionises Its Supply Chain with Real-Time Data Streaming from Confluent, 2022). For instance, the company has set the target that as the stock reaches 100 then automatically the reorder must be placed. Thus, as the event of stock reaching 100 comes the triggers take place then automatically the stock is reordered. Hence, this was the concept of event trigger concept being attached to the Confluent and it is very assistive to Sainsbury in managing the work in a better and more effective manner.
Further for improving the efficiency of supply chain management, Sainsbury is focusing on compliance with the Blue Yonder. Blue Yonder is an end-to-end platform of the supply chain which undertakes the use of an AI-powered platform. The benefit of using Blue Yonder is that it includes new capabilities for the working of the company and managing the supply chain. The Blue Yonder will include effective demand forecasting, works on replenishing the stocks, range management, warehouse management, space management, digital control tower, yard management and many different types of different services are provided (Cuthbertson, Rusanen and Paavola eds., 2023). Thus, the use of this software is assistive to the company in managing the supply effectively and efficiently. This software helps the company in managing the work in such a manner that it assists in managing the supply chain in such a manner there is always some stock being left within the company. This is very necessary for Sainsbury they must try to manage the supply chain so that any consumer is not left out and always there is some stock within the company.
Thus, the company is taking measures in order to improve logistics and supply chain management. The reason underlying the fact is that when the supply chain will be managed properly then it will be providing better work to the company. This is pertaining to the fact that effective management of supply results in having stock within the company which can be used in times of emergency (Menon and Jain, 2021). Thus, as a result of this the company is in a position to always cater to the needs of the consumer and no consumer will be having their need unsatisfied. Also, good supply chain management helps Sainsbury in managing the work in an effective way and plan for the future working in an efficient manner.
Theme 3- Evaluating benefits and drawbacks of innovating within supply chain and logistics
With the evaluation of the secondary research it is evident that innovating within the supply chain is very necessary. This is particularly necessary because continuous innovation provide a base for the effective management and improvement of the business. The competition within the external environment is increasing continuously and as a result of this it is mandatory for the company to effectively innovate. In case companies will not be bringing new things within the market then consumers will not like it. Thus as a result of this innovation is very crucial for the success of the company.
In the views of Liu, Fan and Shao, (2021) the major benefit of implementing the innovation within the supply chain and logistics is that it results in lowering the cost. This is particularly because of the reason that when some innovation is brought within the supply chain then it results in improvement of the process. This as a result of this the overall cost of the company will reduce. This is particularly because of the reason that when the supply chain will be affective than the whole process of production will be efficient. This it will result in effective attainment of the objectives of the company and as a result of this the overall cost of the company will be minimised. With respect to Sainsbury the company has a very sound Research and Development Department which continuously researches in order to innovate the new product and services and the supply chain. There are many new changes taking place within the supply chain and it needs to be implemented within the company. Hence, the research and development of the company is continuously working on analysing these changes and try to implement them within the company effectively.
On the contradictory note Sabahi and Parast, (2020) argued that the major limitation of implementing effective innovation within the field of supply chain is complexity. This is particularly because of the reason that currently the companies operating at the global level and searching for the innovation is very tough. Thus, it is very complex for the company to effectively innovative within the field of retail. With regards to Sainsbury it is evident that the company is effectively managing the supply chain. But they major issue which Sainsbury facing is managing the complexity of the innovation. This is particularly because of the reason that a lot of research needs to be done in order to implement any of the innovation. Thus, as a result of this it is very complex for Sainsbury in order to effectively search for the innovation and implement it in proper and effective manual. Hence as a result of this it might negatively impact the working of the company because they have to research a lot and then implement within the company.
On the other hand Haiyun and et. al , (2021) stated that maintaining transparency within the supply chain is another benefit of implementing innovation within the company. This is particularly because of the reason that in accordance to the latest working practices a major focuses is led over the transparency of the supply chain. This is particularly because of the reason that the consumers have become much health conscious and they are much interested in knowing the raw material which is used in making the final product. This is very necessary because the people have a high interest in maintaining their health and in case the raw material used within the product and services will not be good and effective than it will affect the health of the consumer. Thus, in order to maintain customer satisfaction Sainsbury has a very transparent supply chain management. This is very necessary in order to attract large number of customers as when supply chain will be transparent then consumer will be knowing what kind of product are being used and what process is followed. When the consumer will be having proper knowledge of the process and product then they will have faith within the product of the company. As a result of this customer loyalty and satisfaction will be higher which is beneficial for Sainsbury maintaining a competitive position.
In against of this another limitation which is faced by Sainsbury while innovating within the supply chain is uncertainty of the changes in the external environment. This is the major limitation which is faced by innovation within the supply chain. This is particularly because of the reason that the business exist in the external environment and there are many different changes taking place. This changes impact the working of Sainsbury to a great extent. In case changes are not considered while innovating then it will create negative impact over the performance of the company. Thus, cost of the company will be increased and ultimately the company might suffer from loss. Resultantly the profitability and market position of the company will reduce and consumer will not be satisfied with the services provided by Sainsbury. Along with this there are many speculative researches being taking place within the market and in case Sainsbury work on these speculations then it can result in wastage of time and cost. Hence, it is very necessary for Sainsbury that they effectively analyse the change and then only work on implementing the change or innovation within the supply chain.
In support of this Shen and et. al, (2021) states that another limitation faced by Sainsbury while innovating is the availability of the finance. This is another major issue which affects the process of innovation and implementation of the innovation within the business. This is particularly because of the reason that for Innovation and its implementation a lot of Finance is required. In case the company is not having enough money, then the innovation cannot be implemented effectively. Thus, it is very necessary for Sainsbury that they effectively analyse the innovation and all the related aspect like the cost, its possible outcomes and all the other related decisions. In case after the decision the innovation is positive then only it must be implemented within the supply chain otherwise not. The reason underlying the fact is that when the innovation is not worth and it is implemented then it creates negative impact over the performance of the company and profitability as well.
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION
With the evaluation of the literature review and the findings it is evident that supply chain management is very necessary. This is particularly because of the reason that supply chain includes these steps which are followed in order to bring the raw material to the place of production and produced. Within the working of the business it is very necessary that proper innovation is brought. This is particularly because of the reason that the competition within the industry and the overall working is very intense. The reason underlying the fact is that in the current working environment Sainsbury is operating at the global level and as a result of this the competition is very high. In case Sainsbury will not be working on the supply chain effectively then it will impact the market position and as a result of this overall working efficiency will be reduced.
The above finding highlighted that Sainsbury is continuously innovating within the field of supply chain and logistics. The reason behind this fact is that in case the company will not innovate in supply chain then the company will be using the obsolete supply chain Technology. Ultimately it will be impacting the overall working of the company and as a result of this the consumers will not be attracted towards Sainsbury and its services. Moreover in this highly modern world the customers are also aware of the product and services and the material used with the final product. The consumers have become much health conscious and because of this they are interested in knowing the content of the product or the service there consuming. Thus, in order to ensure the authenticity of the product they are interested in knowing the raw materials and other product used within making of the product. Hence, it is necessary for Sainsbury that they effectively follow the supply chain and use good quality raw material so that the finished good is of good quality and is liked by the consumers.
In support of this Abdalla and Nakagawa, (2021) stated that innovating within the supply chain is very necessary. The reason underlying the fact is that to beat the competition it is necessary that the company is distinct from others. Hence for becoming distinct from other it is very necessary that continuous innovation is undertaken. The reason behind this fact is that innovation will help in evaluating the latest changes within the market and try to adapt the changes effectively. With the effective market research it was evaluated that there is a trend of complying with effective supply chain. This is particularly because of the reason that the customers have become conscious to the materials they are using. Hence, for this Sainsbury is undertaking the use of effective innovation strategies and try to implement them within supply chain management and logistics. For the company it is very necessary that proper raw materials are brought and effectively used within the working. Thus, for this Sainsbury is also innovating in the supply chain so that they can attract the latest customers and keep them happy and satisfied.
Further with the above findings it was evaluated that Sainsbury is undertaking the use of different software like a Blue Yonder, Confluent and many other different Technology relating to supply chain management. This is particularly being used by the company in order to make the supply chain management fast and its effective implementation. With respect to the current working environment, the supply chain is effectively changing. This is particularly because of the reason that with advancement and the technology the supply chain is also being coming technology advanced. Hence, it is very necessary for Sainsbury as well that they effectively comply with all these Technology for managing the supply chain. Along with this when the supply chain is managed with help of the technology then it is more advanced and effective. The reason behind this fact is that when the supply chain was managed by the human then there were chances of error. But in case when the whole supply chain will be managed with the help of technology then there will be no chance of any error.
Hence, it will be improving the whole supply chain and will be benefiting the company with regards to the management of the supply. Along with this, the use of supply chain is very beneficial to the company for the effective making of the product and implementing the production process. The whole production process involves the use of technology and when the supply chain will be managed with help of technology then the whole process will be effective. For instance the raw material is not present then the production will not be taking place. On the other hand when Sainsbury is complying with blue Yonder or Confluent then all the supply chain requirement is calculated by the use of Technology only. In addition to this technology also places the order as the level of reorder is reached. For this no manpower is required because when the level of stock reaches to the reorder level then automatically a message is forwarded to the supplier and the raw material order is placed. Thus, the delivery of the raw material takes place within the time stated by the supplier and the company can effectively use the raw material within the production process to produce the product and services for the consumer.
Further with the help of the finding it was evaluated that the effective use of technology is beneficial for the company as it provide guidance to effective supply chain management. Thus, it is necessary for Sainsbury that they effectively comply with all the different technologies relating to supply chain management and logistics management. The reason behind the fact is that when the technology is used then automatic decisions are more effective and firm. Hence, it improves the efficiency of the company and the company is in position to effectively manage all the requirement of the customers. Furthermore, technology guides the manpower as well that how they can effectively manage the supply chain and what improvements can be implemented within the company. Moreover, this technology also helps in effectively managing the competition and tries to accomplish all the objectives of this company and manage the supply chain.
Moreover, with the help of the findings it was evaluated that bringing innovation within the supply chain management and logistics is very beneficial for the company. This is particularly because of the reason that it provides a base to the company to grow and develop its production. When the supply chain of the company and the logistics will be strong and fast then it will result in effective production and ultimately sales of the company will increase resulting in increasing property ability. Hence, continuously bringing innovation within the supply chain management is very necessary for effective growth and development of the business. For Sainsbury, the major benefit of implementing innovation within the supply chain management was to foster the operations of the company. When the operational efficiency of the company would be better than it will result in effective production and increasing sales of the business. Ultimately result of increasing sales will be enhancing of profitability.
Thus, with this it can be stated that for Sainsbury, continuously innovating within the field of supply chain management and logistics is beneficial. Moreover another benefit outlined within the findings included increasing market share. This is particularly because of the reason that when sales will be innovated and supply chain then the production will take place before time. Thus, it will result in providing the product and services to the consumer as and when they require. Ultimately when the customer will be satisfied with the services of the company then automatically the market share and goodwill of Sainsbury will increase. This is advantageous to the company because it will help in improving their market share and the business profitability.
Further it was supported by Malacina and Teplov, (2022) and it was analysed that continuously working on innovation within the supply chain management as helpful for company in improving their operational efficiency. This is particularly because of the reason that the operational activity of the company is a base for growth of the company. In case the operational activity will not be effective than company will not been position to earn profits. Thus, bringing in effective innovation is helpful for the business as it will improve the efficiency of the overall company and will enhance the profitability as well.
Along with this the findings also highlighted that there are many different challenges as well which teams very faces while implementing the innovation. The first and foremost limitation identified in the above finding was increasing cost. Identifying the innovation includes a lot of cost to being attached to it. This when company wants to bring in some innovation then they have to research or lot. The researching includes a lot of money to be indulged and as a result it might be possible that the innovation is not. Along with this many at times there are situation where the innovation is not appropriate and the cost incurred is not effectively used. Hence it is very necessary for Sainsbury that they effectively evaluate the innovation and do effective cost analysis and then only plan to implement the innovation.
In case the cost is higher than the benefits then it is advisable to Sainsbury that they must not implement the innovation into practice. In support of this Siagian, Tarigan and Jie, (2021) stated that bringing in innovation is a tough and complex task. This is particularly because of the reason that it includes different stages which needs to be followed effectively in order to implement the innovation. The first and foremost problem attached with innovation is to identify the base for innovating. There are many different streams within which Sainsbury is indulged. Hence, it is very difficult for the company to determine that which aspect of supply chain needs to be get innovated. This is particularly because in case the innovation will not be appropriate then the whole working will be impacted.
Further with the finding it was evaluated that managing the supply chain and logistics is very necessary for Sainsbury to improve its performance. This is particularly because of the reason that without the effective use of supply chain the operational efficiency of the company cannot be improved. Thus, it is very necessary that Sainsbury try to effectively innovate so that no loss is incurred by the company. Along with this bringing innovation will provide a base to the company for developing itself. This is very necessary for the company to grow and developed so that they are in position to fight the intense competition. Already the competition within the external environment is intense and there are very limited resources to use. Hence, with help of the effective innovation Sainsbury can improve their financial position and can improve their supply chain and ultimately profitability. In support of this Wong and Ngai, (2019) emphasized that focusing on effective supply chain management and logistics is very necessary. This is particularly because of the reason that in the current working environment the global working is promoted. Hence, as a result of this the improvement within the market and the performance is undertaken. Thus, the standards of working is very high and it is very necessary for Sainsbury to effectively implement it within the supply to each new technology is very necessary so that the further working can be improved effectively.
References
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