Chapter 1: Introduction -Tourism And Hospitality Management Assignment
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1.1 Background of the Research
The current corona virus outbreak has far eclipsed the SARS pandemic of 2002–2003 in terms of its effect. Worldwide, there are more than 10 million instances of the Corona virus, and the number of documented fatalities from the illness has exceeded half a million. To get an idea of the scope of this epidemic, consider how infected even leaders and celebrities like British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who had previously issued a dire warning for British residents to prepare for a possible loss of life, were infected by the virus (Kaushal and Srivastava, 2021). Its rapid spread mirrored that of COVID 19, prompting the World Health Organization to issue travel advisories. The tourist and hospitality industry's vulnerability has once again been exposed by recent travel bans and cautions. Virus-infected vacationers aboard a cruise ship in Japan were isolated, but this was just the beginning of the current catastrophe.
Unwary vacationers were forced to isolate themselves while aboard ship due to the outbreak's alarming spread. The illnesses and deaths that happened on board were a portent for the future health of the delicate tourism and hospitality industries throughout the globe. Researches have often brought up the SARS pandemic of 2002 while analysing the threat (health crises) to the tourism and hospitality industry (Farzanegan et al., 2021). On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic is certain to come up often in the future. Tourism and hospitality industries are promoted by policymakers in order to boost the multiplier effect from the company.
Due to the present situation, travel restrictions have been put in place at both the national and international levels. There have been a number of precautions taken to stop the spread of illness and discourage people from travelling, which has had an impact on tourism and hospitality. As the need for personal safety and survival has become more urgent, this industry has experienced significant declines in its use (Kumar and Nafi, 2020). As a result, holidays and hedonistic retreats have become less popular. Therefore, the researcher has opted to perform this investigation with the most important research question in mind.
1.2 Problem Statement of the Research
Estimates show that travel and tourism will continue to play an important role in the global economy far into the next decade. “The world economy grew by 9.3 trillion US dollars, with an explicit contribution of 2.9 trillion US dollars. As a result of travel prohibitions and restrictions enacted globally in an effort to slow the spread of the pandemic and keep it contained, the tourist sector has been struck particularly hard by the COVID-19 outbreak and had a 98% drop in May 2020” (Abbas et al., 2021). According to data supplied by destinations, global visitor arrivals declined by 56% in the first five months of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019.
Worldwide, the number of people who visited dropped by 300 million people. It's been a lot busier so far this year than it was in 2019. “According to export earnings, the country recorded a loss of 320 billion dollars in foreign tourist revenues in 2009, a decrease of more than 300 percent. During the period from January to May of 2020, arrivals in Asia and the Pacific fell by 60 percent” (Kim, Bonn and Hall, 2022). Because of the present outbreak, the world economy's most important sectors have been subjected to unprecedented disruptions and a worldwide economic and health disaster. Thus, in order to address these problems, the researcher has considered this research study.
1.3 Research Aims and Objectives
1.3.1 Research Aims
Generally, the study’s primary aim is to effectively evaluate and examine the effect of COVID-19 on the international tourism and hospitality management.
1.3.2 Research Objectives
To study the impact of COVID-19 on the international hospitality industry.
To study the impact of COVID-19 on the international tourism industry.
To analyse tourism and hospitality policies in response to the COVID-19.
To throw light on the challenges that international hospitality and tourism industry faced owing to COVID-19.
1.4 Research Questions
The research questions for the following research includes:
What is the impact of COVID-19 on international tourism and hospitality industry?
What are the tourism and hospitality policies sanctioned by the government in response to the pandemic?
What are the challenges that international hospitality and tourism industry faced owing to COVID-19?
1.5 Research Rationale
For a long time before COVID-19 impacted the world economy, the hotel business felt its effects. Hotels have been hit hard by the epidemic, which has left them scrambling for a solution. Many hospitality firms have been forced to close temporarily as a consequence of various methods for relaxing the COVID-19 curve, and demand for those businesses that were permitted to continue operating has dropped significantly (Fotiadis, Polyzos and Huan, 2021). The worldwide travel and tourism sector suffered a $4.5 trillion loss as a result of the pandemic. This investigation is necessary if COVID-19 has an impact on the hotel and tourist businesses.
As a result of the pandemic's devastation on these sectors, the study's findings fill in the knowledge gaps left by prior studies that failed to provide precise and trustworthy data. As a result, the researcher was able to better explain the findings of this study to students and other researchers in the field (Kumar and Nafi, 2020). This study also gathered the most important, effective, and relevant information from various sources, including the impact of COVID-19 on hospitality and tourism industry worldwide and how the industry has responded to COVID-19, as well as the challenges that the industry is currently facing during this pandemic of COVID-19.
1.6 Research Significance
The hotel industry was affected by COVID-19 long before it had an influence on the global economy. As a result of the outbreak's severity, hotels are trying to find a remedy. Many hospitality firms have been forced to close temporarily as a consequence of various methods for relaxing the COVID-19 curve, and demand for those businesses that were permitted to continue operating has dropped significantly (Radic et al., 2021). The worldwide travel and tourism sector suffered a $4.5 trillion loss as a result of the pandemic. There must be an examination whether COVID-19 has an effect on the hotel and tourism industries.
Since these industries were devastated by the epidemic, the study's results fill in knowledge gaps left by earlier research that were unable to give reliable and accurate information. Because of this, the researcher was able to better explain to students and other researchers in the area the results from this study (Strielkowski, 2020). Press releases claim this research also gathered the most important, effective and relevant information from various sources, including the impact of COVID-19 on the global hospitality and tourism industry and how the sector has responded to COVID-19, as well as the challenges that the sector is currently facing during this COVID-19 pandemic.
1.7 Research Structure
Numerous variables will be considered throughout the course of the probe's course. Following are the sections that will be included in this research project. Next comes the literature review's second portion. Since a literature review is a study of the field's literature, it includes books, journals, essays, and theses. Academic writing should indicate the author's awareness and understanding of important scholarly literature on the subject at hand. After a thorough study of the available material, a conclusion is drawn. To avoid confusion with an academic paper, the literature review is now recognised as an academic paper. It may appear in a dissertation, thesis, or research paper. Providing a complete overview of pertinent research and debates is why literature reviews are so essential for students. The study's methodological component utilises a methodical and theoretical approach to data collection and analysis.
It outlines the steps involved in collecting, analysing, and interpreting the data. When doing scientific research, it is critical to use the most effective methodologies feasible. Following the plan, the next chapter evaluates all of the project's major findings and what they suggest, disclose, and imply. Facts and phrases as well as experimental data and observations are summarised in the outcomes of a study's investigation. Conducting research has many various methods and purposes depending on the kind of study being conducted. The Discussion is one of the last stages of research, in which the researcher presents, analyses, and evaluates his or her results. The report's conclusion serves to tie everything together and leave a lasting impression. At the conclusion, there is a section offering solutions for addressing the issues that were discovered in the research. Ending this part, there is a brief summary of probable future research initiatives.
References
Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Iorember, P.T., Raza, S. and Mamirkulova, G., 2021. Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2, p.100033. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100033. [Accessed on: 18th June, 2022].
Farzanegan, M.R., Gholipour, H.F., Feizi, M., Nunkoo, R. and Andargoli, A.E., 2021. International tourism and outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19): A cross-country analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3), pp.687-692.
Fotiadis, A., Polyzos, S. and Huan, T.C.T., 2021. The good, the bad and the ugly on COVID-19 tourism recovery. Annals of tourism research, 87, p.103117.
Kaushal, V. and Srivastava, S., 2021. Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives on challenges and learnings from India. International journal of hospitality management, 92, p.102707. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijhm.2020.102707. [Accessed on: 18th June, 2022].
Kim, M.J., Bonn, M. and Hall, C.M., 2022. What influences COVID-19 biosecurity behaviour for tourism?. Current issues in tourism, 25(1), pp.21-27.
Kumar, S. and Nafi, S.M., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism: Perceptions from Bangladesh. Available at SSRN 3632798.
Kumar, S. and Nafi, S.M., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism: Recovery proposal for future tourism. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, Year XIIII Vol, 33.
Radic, A., Koo, B., Gil-Cordero, E., Cabrera-Sánchez, J.P. and Han, H., 2021. Intention to take COVID-19 vaccine as a precondition for international travel: application of extended norm-activation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), p.3104.
Strielkowski, W., 2020. International tourism and COVID-19: Recovery strategies for tourism organisations. Centre for Tourism Studies, Prague Business School.
