A. Introduction of Tourism Environment And Industry Assignment
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The tourism industry is widely spread throughout the world and its scope is increasing day by day. However, the studies regarding how the industry is influencing the environment are not done properly. It creates a huge impact when it comes to the change of the climate and the increase in pollution. This is why it is required to create sustainable tourism plans for the sustainability the economy and environment of the place. The chosen destination for this essay is London and it discusses various sustainable tourism practices of this location. Sustainability can be increased by maintaining the principles related to sustainable tourism. The stakeholders of the tourism industry place a huge role in this sustainability process and those stakeholders must follow the principles. Various factors affect the increases the chances of sustainable tourism. These are technological innovation trends, social and cultural trends, environmental trends and economic trends. Factors like money, class, income, age, location and many more also influence the demand rate of the destination.
B. Principles of Sustainable Tourism
The term sustainable tourism means the practices that are sustainable within the tourism industry. These practices help to understand which actions can impact the tourism industry negatively or positively. The focus of sustainable tourism is to achieve the maximum positive actions and the minimum negative actions (Amerta et al. 2018). As per UNWTO, sustainable tourism takes full responsibility for the recent and future environmental, economic and social impacts by taking care of the needs of the tourists, host communities, tourism industry and environment. Sustainable tourism is subdivided into three main categories and these are responsible tourism, fair tourism and solidarity tourism.
Sustainable tourism is important because it increases the sustainability of the environment by providing damage control towards the environment. The sustainability of the environment will increase with the changing of the travel mode. For example, bicycles or public transports are great ways for decreasing pollution in comparison to private vehicles (Guo et al. 2019). There must be a management process regarding managing waste for tourists. The destination must provide enough garbage and recycle bins for the tourists so that they do not struggle to manage the waste. The animals of the particular destination must not be disturbed as it will decrease the sustainability of the environment.
The economic sustainability of a destination will only increase if the destination is providing enough resources to the tourists. This can occur if the tourists eat the local food and they buy products from the destination that will increase the local businesses. It is important to make sustainable decisions because the decision of the tourists also influences the environment (Chassagne and Everingham, 2019). Sustainable decisions will also help to achieve an overall sustainable economy. Tourists must consume eco-friendly products and dump them into the proper place after consumption. The sustainable decisions taken by tourists will influence businesses to move towards more eco-friendly approaches.
London is one of the ecofriendliest tourist spots in the whole world. It provides a congestion charge zone where no car travel is allowed. The stations of London mostly provide recycling points that help to recycle papers. The tourists have open access to the cycles that they can hire and travel short distances within the city with it (Tomislav, 2018). The government of London acknowledges hotels and travel agencies that are providing eco-friendly services to customers by awarding them with various awards like Green Tourism for London Scheme and Responsible Travel.
C. Importance of Stakeholders Regarding the Decision-making Process
The stakeholders are the interested people in the decision-making process of sustainable tourism development. The examples of these stakeholders are the public sector means the government, the private sector means all the businesses and smart technologies and the voluntary sector means the NGOs (Alananzeh et al. 2019). It also includes the tourist and host communities because the response and actions of a tourist highly influence the environment. The motivation towards changing the lifestyle and preferences of the tourists when they visit a destination changes the sustainability of the place. In London, various communities involve in the process of sustainability of the environment and heritage.
The government tourism policies and funding create a huge impact because it works as an incentive towards sustainable tourism. The policies also create restrictions on the other sectors that makes them behave responsibly. The UK government has brought a reformation in the tourism policy in 2011 to fulfil the financial crisis (Boom et al. 2021). The financial crisis started in the year 2008 that forced the UK government to reform the tourism policy. The policies were implemented at the local and national levels and they encouraged the private sector to involve in the tourism industry. The tourism industry has helped hugely to rebuild the economic stability of the country.
The host community can be categorized in two ways such as geographical community and functional community. The geographical community refers to the group that are living in the same location. The functional community, however, refers to the group that may not be situated within the same location but share the same values towards life (Madanaguli et al. 2022). These values include any similar traditions, customs, languages, manners or professions. The unsustainable tourism highly affects these communities as it causes harm to the environment and culture of the destination. The local people also should be involved positively with sustainable tourism. The positive engagement of the locals with the tourist will create a safe environment for them.
The private sector means businesses are also involved with the tourism industry directly. The private sector can provide more services that are advanced to tourists that the public sector cannot provide (Iazzi et al. 2020). They can provide smart technologies to tourists that will increase their satisfaction level. The support of the private sector will help to increase the sustainability of the tourism plans and these plans will most likely become successful.
D. Macro Factors for Development in Tourism Industry
All types of external factors as well as forces related to tourism industries are called macro factors. The usage of advanced technology provides convenience and improves the experience of travel. The latest technology makes journeys safe and secure for every people. Smart phones are used as a communication device and it is an essential part of human life (unsustainablemagazine.com, 2022). The communication device used as a personal tour guide illustrates maps to understand any location. Various mobile apps in London are used as travel guides. Virtual systems in the tourism industry help to get much information about the travel place before visiting there.
The travel guides are provided 360-degree views of the travel place and facilities. The digitization facility helps during the time of hotel booking. The tourism industry is also called a climate-sensitive industry and changes in climate deeply affected the industry. Climate change is a big issue that affected the whole world (Heo and Blengini, 2019). Dependent on the climate the tourist fixed their actual destination for the tour. The tourism industry is more profitable at the time of summer for European countries. Loss of biodiversity, alteration in the production of agricultural fields, and availability of water are the major factors that affect the tourism industry. Climate change provides a positive impact on all countries of Europe. Approximately four million people visited London for its great environment.
Culture and atmosphere are the two major pillars of the tourism industry. Culture in a particular place helps to create a specialty in the global marketplace. Culture helps to increase the importance of any place and cultural heritage helps to provide strength to the tourism industry (santander.com, 2022). Tourism is the most essential part of the economy of London. Diversity and equality in culture help to make London s the most attractive tourist spots. The economic benefits are also dependent on the culture.
A recession is a phase of contraction in the cycle of business. The recession badly affected the sustainability of the tourism industry and slowed down the rate of profit. During the period of recession, sixty-eight percent of stocks declined of airlines and hotels stocks falling to seventy-four percent (Madanaguli et al. 2022). Domestic tourism in the UK faced a deep impact during the period of recession. The government takes various important decisions to improve the phase. The regulations help to stabilize London economically and give much attention to improving the condition of sustainable tourism for economic stimulus.
E. Attractive Macro Factors
“Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs” is a theory that is popular for motivation. The theory talks about human needs and they fulfil their need with the help of motivation. The researcher who innovate the theory used a pyramid to describe the levels of need of humans (Mulyani et al. 2020). The first need of human beings is related to survival and it is the basic level of the pyramid. The second need is related to security and safety in living. This stage is relatable to the economic status of human beings. The third stage is about the need for social respect, shelter, fun and many more.
Travelling is an inseparable thing and it is part of the fun in life. Digitalization helps to increase a perfect perspective about the destination. Various websites and videos of the beautiful city of London successfully attracted tourists to the UK. “Greenwich city, Chiswick, primrose hills, and Mayfair” are the main place of attractions in London (frommers.com, 2022). The beautiful greenery atmosphere of London is perfect for the sustainable tourism industry. The “Tower of London” as well as “London's eyes” is popular and known by every people. People are attracted because they listen to the stories about these famous places.
Psychocentric type tourists are nervous, not passionate about adventure and self-inhibiting. They have a fear to travel by plane due to their non-confident personality. This type of person is preferred all-inclusive type packages for travel (koreascience.or.kr, 2022). They always preferred some common and most-known places to avoid risks. An extrovert-type people are called allocentric travellers because they always choose some unique place. A cultural as well as educational factor in any travel destination is the most important matter for this type of traveller. London is perfect for all types of travellers because the place is common as well as it is culturally very rich.
A few extrinsic factors are helped to motivate people to travel. Money is the main factor that gives main influences people to travel. Economically independent people of the current generation are always passionate about travelling to the whole world (greentourism.eu, 2022). The place and atmosphere of birth of a person gives a deep impact during the time of choosing the destination. Source of income and family values are the chief factors to choose a destination for travel. Different social classes, as well as cultures of tourists, prefer different types of travel destinations.
F. Conclusion
Sustainable tourism is the main source of the economy for any country. The industry gives a deep impact on society as well as the environment of any country. The tourism industry of London has always been the first preference for all types of travellers. The beautiful place of the UK is culturally as well as socially very rich. London is also known as a green city because the eco-friendly environment of the city is the main cause of attraction for many tourists. Digitalization in the tourism industry is the main source of growth. E- Tourism and various social media app helped to promote the beauty of London in front of the whole world. Various problems like hotel booking, food, and a good destination for travel are solved with the help of digitization. The use of social media to promote much about the travel place can be applied in this industry. Most people use social media nowadays and for this reason, promotion on social media platforms is more impactful. Unique and attractive offers for travel packages can be applied to develop the growth rate. Tourist planners can apply a full travel package where hotels and food are covered.
References
Journals
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