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Introduction: Tourism Environment And Industry
The objective of the study is to examine the key factors affecting the performance of the Tourism Industry and Strategies for Sustainable Development in France. The key areas of the study are Tourism Principles, to identify and analyze the Micro and Macro factors such as regulation policies, facility location, The stage of the industry, and Government initiatives to boost the Tourism industry and to promote its sustainable Development in France.
After going through a lot of research on the chosen topic, the researcher found that France is the most famous destination for Tourism. Hence, the topic of the study is - "Understanding the Tourism Environment and its Stakeholders in the Tourism Destination Country - France".
The data will be collected from secondary sources of information. The study will be followed by an Introduction, the Definition of Sustainable Tourism Development and its principles for Sustainable Tourism Development, insight into the role of stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Development, detailed analyses of Macro and Micro environmental factors, and in the end, insight will be covered by conclusions and recommendations.
Definition of Sustainable Tourism
Sustainable Tourism Development provides guidelines and management Strategies, which apply to all types of tourism all over the world. The sustainability of Tourism consists of Environmental Development, economic development, and Socio-cultural Development (Torres-Delgado and Saarinen, 2017).
Sustainability in tourism depends upon the participation of all relevant stakeholders and a stable strong political government, which ensures a wide range of tourism participation within the country. Sustainable Tourism Development is a continuing process and it involves high protection costs, the goal of Sustainable Tourism Development can be achieved by attracting a large number of tourists who will visit the country (Streimikiene, et. al. 2021.).Sustainable Tourism Assignment takes the whole accountability for the present and future needs of the visitors.
Principles for Sustainable Tourism Development
The following ten principles for Sustainable Tourism Development are as follows: -
Protect Natural Resources - Human desires are unlimited, whereas every country feels that they have a scarcity of Resources. For Sustainable Tourism Development, every country conserves and uses its natural, social, and cultural resources wisely.
Usage of resources sustainably – Authorized committee of every nation for Sustainable Tourism Development, ensures no wastage or no overconsumption of its heritage places so, the term sustainability can be attained.
Maintenances of Tourist Places – For Sustainable Tourism Development, heritage places must be properly maintained to promote them for future growth in the Tourism Industry.
Actionable Tourism Planning – Every single country plans to promote and attract a large number of visitors in a country. So, the plans should be based on a realistic approach and durable in terms of economics.
Generates employment – Each country’s historical places create employment opportunities by involving its local communities.
Economically – Tourist places need a huge amount of investment for their maintenance and promotional activities. Sustainable tourism development can be visualized with the use of its minimal maintenance cost.
Concern with Stakeholders and Local Public –Both the authorized committee and the local populations of the tourist places comes together and give joint hands for Sustainable Tourism Development.
Staffing and Training of Personnel – For the promotion of the tourist sector, well-skilled and well-trained personnel must be recruited.
Promotion of Tourism –Tourism is a more profitable business all over the world. Hence, proper marketing and promotion of them would improve the performance of the tourism sector in a country (Nedyalkova, 2016).
Research and Development –Tourism Development is not a one-time process, it is a continuous process. This process involves Research and Development regularly so the tourists’ satisfaction level would be raised.
The role of Stakeholders involved in the decision making of sustainable Tourism Development
For Sustainable Tourism Development, Stakeholders are the key players, and their contribution to planning, developing, and feedback on project proposals is very important. Stakeholders help to identify potential problems and make strategies before they will be converted into actual problems.
They are providing feedback regarding the tourists, Goods and services provided by the tourist industry, and the administration of the host community. They are serving their best to make any changes within the organization (Roxas, 2020)
Stakeholders mark their remarkable presence at all stages of sustainable tourism development. They can understand and analyze potential environmental and social threats that need to be addressed before causing some serious issues.
Both the government and private stakeholders joined hands together and signed an agreement under the Public Partnership agreement; they are jointly putting efforts into the sustaining country’s tourism. Both are responsible for monitoring all the social and tourism-related activities, which are joint efforts by all the different peoples of different countries (Rasoolimanesh, 2020).
Stakeholders are performing all the functions of management - planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and executing principles for sustainable tourism development and setting up core values of the tourism industry within the nation.
Stakeholders' opinions on sustainable tourism development provide set guidelines regarding policy-making and marketing strategies to promote sustainability in the tourism industry.
Stakeholders’ participation includes – Resident Community Members, Non-government organizations, tourists and the tourism industry, and another influencing group for sustainable tourism within a country. They ensure essential development, Long-term sustainability, and timely execution of all business operations (Kapera, 2018).
Stakeholders are officially known as “major groups” and they include the following sectors for further growth and development –Accommodation facilities, Transportation, Food Services, Trade associations, Entertainment, Attractions and Regulators for the tourism industry.
Stakeholders play an integral role in Sustainable Tourism Indicators (STIs) they are the key elements of tourism planning and management. STIs mainly have four elements – Stakeholders, Government, STIs relationship with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and subjective distinguishing the objectives of STIs (Amerta, Sara and Bagiada, 2018).
The focus themes of Sustainable Development Goals are – Social Inclusion, Economic Growth, Environmental protection, Government Support, and overall Expansion of the Tourism Industry for a foreseeable period.
The stakeholder's proposition shows advanced effects for Sustainable Tourism Development. To achieve its SDGs, the government and administration encourage and promote village tourism in community-based tourism (CBT) which is red as community welfare and community empowerment towards sustainable development goals.
Tourists' motivating factors influencing the demand for tourism product
In the tourism industry, visitor satisfaction is based on human psychology and human psychology is derived from motivation. Motivation influences people to work hard to achieve their desired goals and objectives. Motivation is a state of mind, filled with some needs, desires, and objectives to get something more in our life. Motivation theory helps to understand human behaviours and plays a crucial role in influencing individual needs and wants. Let’s understand the intrinsic factors of Human Psychology with Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory. This is the most popular Motivational theory that is acceptable everywhere is Malow’s Hierarchy Theory based on Human needs and wants. This Theory was propounded by Abraham Maslow in 1954. Human Needs are divided into five categories as follows -
Physiological Needs – This is the first stage and consists of the primary needs of an individual, including Food, Shelter, Clothes, Education, Good Health care facilities, Air, Water, etc. The basic needs every traveller accepts at their tourism destination place.
Safety Needs – After fulfilling the primary needs, individuals seek to achieve their job security needs. In the second stage of human needs, the individual wants a permanent source of income as well as security concerns. Traveler, get comfort and a protected environment at their tourism destination.
Social Needs – After fulfilling the lower needs, the individual wants love, care, affection, and a sense of belongingness, etc. from society. Tourists expect that wherever they go, they get affection and a friendly environment from other people.
Self-esteemNeeds – This is the second highest level need, the stage talks about, when an individual wants some acknowledgement from society in the form of Goodwill. This stage influences doing something good for society (Hale, et. al. 2019). Tourist wants to make Names, frames, and Acknowledgments from society.
Self-actualization Needs –This is the most high-level need when an individual wants to do something for the nation’s welfare by extreme adventure tourists.
Micro-environment - Tourists Motivating Factors
Tourist Motivating Factors consist of Plog’s Model of Tourist Motivation and Psychographics and Allocentric features of personality.
Plog’s Tourist Motivation Model was propounded by Stanley Plog in 1967. This model is based on the Traveler’s Personality features, which would be either Psychographics or Allocentric.
The difference between Psychographics and Allocentric personality Behaviors is as follows -Psychographics tourist is self-inhabitant, which means prefer to go with families,non-adventurous type of personnel, nervous, always prefer to travel with a personal vehicle, always prefer familiar destinations with a well-scheduled travel plan and with well-developed tourism structure like – full amenities Hotels, Family Restaurants. On the other hand, an Allocentric personality is completely different from a Psychographic personality (Seyidovand Adomaitien?, 2016).
Micro environment is also known as Internal factors of Tourism. Internal Factors are controllable in Nature. Some of the Internal factors that affect the growth and sustainable tourism development in the Nation are as follows – the Country's Inflation Rate, and High unemployment rate (Gidebo, 2021).
Macro Environmental factors – SCEPTICAL
Nowadays, studying the market environment is very important, because market situations have shown uncertainty due to the force of the external business environment and they are uncontrollable (Mueller,andAbecassis-Moedas, 2017). The following Macro environmental factors affecting the growth and development of the Tourism Industry in France are as follows –
Economic Factor – The country comes under the top ten economically sound countries in the world. A country's economic conditions affect the growth and development of the nation. France is the most prominent place for tourism. Most people want to go there and visit the France ones in their life cycle (David, 2021). France's government is making continued efforts with the collaboration of its tourist stakeholders to improve the country’s financial situation. The more financially vibrant the country's situation will able to attract more visitors in a country. Hence, studying the economic factors globally is essential for future growth and sustainable development.
Socio-cultural Factors – For France Unity are the most important thing. The country believes in taking pride in its beauty and respects its artists. That’s the reason France is famous for being its perfect tourist destination all over the world and it is the first preference for most of the tourist people. France is popular for its Cuisine, Perfume, culture, fashion, and language (Stadlthanner, et. al. 2022).
Natural Ecological Factors – The Natural Eco-system of France is overall favourable for its visitors. The country has large forest areas that cover one-third part of the country, also the country has various mountains, Fertile plains, Coastal and salt-tolerant habitats, Coastal and Inland dunes, Freshwater, and Grasslands. Hence, Natural resources play a vital role in the country's sustainable tourism development.
Technological Factors – France is technologically more vibrant than the other countries in the world. The country has made a most remarkable place in the field of Information Technology, Fundamental Science, and astronomical expertise.
Legal-political Factor – France is the most powerful nation in the world and maintains good and healthy relations with other countries.
France plays a significant role in global market affairs and gives remarkable feedback for the sustainable development of tourism industries around the world. Also, France enjoys a politically stable government party.
Conclusion
The France tourism industry is the perfect destination for most visitors, most of the time every country feels that the country has a scarcity of natural resources and needs something very unique and different to promote tourism in a country (Wang, Kirillova, and Lehto, 2020).
After evaluation and analysis, the study concluded that in the tourism industry growth and sustainability of business development assignments are achievable when some barriers will be overwhelmed by stakeholders through proper addressing them, including –Lack of industry knowledge for the young aspirations in the field of Tourism sectors, incomplete enforcement of laws for the tourism industry.
Recommendations
The tourism sectors reflect glamorously in the communication of the communicator to attract tourism towards the historical monuments, how beautifully the communicator conveys the visitors, which is foremost important to play a key role in the Tourism industry for its foreseeable business growth and sustainable development (Sun and Drakeman, 2022).
Based on the study reasonable recommendations are as follows – The traveller guide must have a unique selling proportion through its communication,the government should encourage the engagement of more tourists as compared to stakeholders, and the authority should give more emphasis on overall Sustainable Development Goals rather the focused only European Countries.
References
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