1.1 Describe the following types of mental ill-health according to the psychiatric (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)/international classification of diseases (ICD)) classification system:
psychotic disorders
anxiety disorders
personality disorders
mood disorders
substance-related disorders
eating disorders
cognitive disorders
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Mood disorder: According to the definition of the DSM, a persistent and prominent disturbance that affects someone’s mood and that can be the result of some effects that are phycological, such as medication, drug abuse, or treatment of depression in the long-term, and many more (Maes et al.,2021). There are different types of mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, major depression, and many more.
Personality disorder: According to DSM-5-TR, a pattern can be seen in an individual in the long term of inner experience and behavior in which a considerable difference can be seen from what is natural (Eyni, 2020). The disease affects people in two ways, how the person is thinking about himself or herself and others.
Anxiety disorder: In the code of ICD-9, it has been said that anxiety disorder is a particular category of psychiatric disorder that is categorized by anxious fear or feeling, and often they have a connection with physical problems (Berg et al., 2019). Physical health can also be harmed by this particular disease.
Psychotic disorder: According to ICD, the disease is categorized into a heterogeneous group of disorders in which the patient may be suffering from hallucinations and disturbances that are perceptual (First et al., 2021). It can be seen that the patient is behaving differently from the natural behavior as expected.
Substance-related disorder: Substance-related disorder is a dangerous mental disorder that can affect the behavior and brain of a person (Saunders et al., 2019). This disease also leads them to take alcohol, medications, or illegal or legal drugs.
Eating disorder: In the code of DSM-5 it has been said that a major change can be seen in the patient's food habits, such as a change of behavioral condition, a change in eating habits (Perrotta,2019. This type of disease can affect someone’s mental health, physical, and social functions.
Cognitive disorder: An acute change can be in the person who is affected by the disease (Munthe?Kaas et al., 2021). The changes that can be seen are consciousness
1.2 Explain the key strengths and limitations of the psychiatric classification system
In terms of strength, it can be said that proper medication can solve a lot of problems and will help the person to get back to normal behavior. The right medication will help to cure the illness of the patient, and the family members of the patient can notice the changes in the person (Bartleby.com, 2023). One of the biggest strengths that can be mentioned is that using proper guidance and medication can eliminate the diagnostic system, which is confusing to the patient and family members as well.
The limitations that can be said in terms of psychiatric classification is that first of all, the process does not allow us to know the causes of the reasons that are behind the various kind of physiological disorders. As a result, an individual can be put into the wrong classification, and that will affect in a negative way, because the patient may get the wrong treatment and wrong medication.
1.3 Explain alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress
For the understanding of the alternative framework, two models are needed, and they are the behavioral framework and the medical model.
The medical model contains the assumption of the problems which we relate to our regular and real life, such as behaving in a proper way, thinking, trying to relate, and behaving in a certain way (de Leeuw, et al., 2020). Medical and biological treatments include the systems of vocabulary, prognosis, and diagnosis, and as a result, the physical problem causes heredity factors, brain effects, and any accident or injury. The one who promotes the medical model also gives the answer to the question related to values, relationships, and their meaning of them.
Behavioral framework mostly helps to align theory rather than work on the problems that are biological. The behavioral framework basically indicates the problems that are related to mental distress and helps to learn the symptoms of the habits that can be raised from the extreme stress the stress can come from any place such as workplaces or educational institutes and one can also get stressed by the relationship with others and relation with the family as well (Gross et al., 2019). On a daily basis, everybody faces some challenges, and difficulties, and gathers some expectations, but that individual has to fight with all of these alone.
Mental ill health is one kind of condition of health where a human changes his or her thinking, behavior, and emotions toward other people. It is possible that mental illness is connected with stress that is coming from the workplace or in relation to friends and family members (Tijani et al., 2021). It can be said that when a person is getting confused in every decision making or their concentration towards any work has been reduced rapidly, the person is getting mentally ill. There are some more examples such as excessive emotion for every little thing, feeling guilty for no reason, and changes in mood for every minute. The individual may want to get rid of everything, such as work life, friends, and family.
Understand the impact of mental ill-health on individuals and others in their social network
2.1 Explain how individuals experience discrimination
There are so many ways that an individual can feel discrimination, and first of all, this includes direct discrimination, where a person feels that the person is getting treated worse than everyone else around the individual, and the mental problem is the reason for it (Wingfield and Chavez, 2020). The second of it is indirect discrimination, which involves an organization or institute that is trying to put a particular individual in a situation that is worse for that person.
Direct discrimination refers to when a person gets bad behavior or is neglected only because of the person’s disability. As an example, it can be said that suppose a person is suffering from bipolar disorder and the person is not getting any increment just because of this, although the person can work with efficiency. Also, there are some employees who cannot even apply for a job due to their mental problems, and that is called direct discrimination.
Indirect mental health refers to the problems faced by an individual with a personality who is suffering from any mental problem. As an example, it can be said that suppose in an office there are some particular advantages for all the employees, but the person with a mental disability cannot enjoy the advantage.
2.2 Explain the effects mental ill-health may have on an individual
It can be said that disability is the result of mental ill health as mental ill health plays an important part so that a person becomes ill health. Mental illness that is untreated can cause many problems such as physical health problems, behavioral changes, and mood changes as well. Our mind and our body are not two separate things, and the problem of any one of them will definitely harm the other one (Derblom et al., 2021). Except for all of that, some serious problems like depression can cause physical problems such as headaches, anxiety, and mental problems. There are some other problems also that can be said to be the result of mental problems, feeling restless, reduced power of concentration, and insomnia, also.
2.3 Explain the effects mental ill-health may have on those in the individual’s familial, social or work network
The effect that the family members of the individual who is suffering from the mental problem get is called the ripple effect (Brundage and Levine, 2021). All the family members get affected, but in a different way. The mental illness of that person becomes the main focus of the house and the situation gets difficult. The family members of that ill person started feeling guilty and also felt anxious and helpless at the same time (Pinterest.org, 2023). Different types of members live in a family and all of them have different visions and points of view about the situation. The real friends also get tense and start to feel guilty that they could have taken more care of the person.
2.4 Explain how to intervene to promote an individual’s mental health and wellbeing
There are at least five steps that can be followed for mental health and well-being, and they are
Connecting with other people is a good option to stay refreshed and it also helps you to build self-love (uk, 2023). It also gives you the opportunity to share your positive experience which can even help others.
Being physically active is a good and important option as it not only helps one to stay fit but also helps to be stress-free in the moment.
One of the reports states that learning new skills will be a great option as it will help to gain concentration and also boost the confidence level.
Giving love and kindness to others is a good option as it will help one to stay positive and sometimes gives a reward of sense.
Paying more and more attention to the present can help to bring positive vibes into an individual’s life rather than thinking of the past and future. This awareness is considered as mindfulness, and mindfulness helps to enjoy life more.
Every human should take care of themselves and needs to follow the above-mentioned steps to be energetic and positive in their life. Staying connected with other people will help every individual to stay happy.
